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關閉窗口 “by+名詞+of”的常用固定搭配
■湖南 陳根花
◆by courtesy of 承蒙……的好意（準許）；承蒙……提供；作為……的結果
This programme comes by courtesy of a local company. 本節目由本地的一家公司提供贊助。
The pictures have been reproduced by courtesy of the British Museum. 承蒙大英博物館的惠允，復制了這些畫。
【注】有時可省略介詞by。如：
Win a weekend in Rome, courtesy of Fiat. 贏取菲亞特公司提供的到羅馬度周末的機會。
Viewers can see the stadium from the air, courtesy of a camera fastened to the plane. 由于飛機上安裝有攝像機，電視觀眾可以從空中鳥瞰體育場。
◆by means of 用，依靠
He got into the house by means of an open window. 他從一扇開著的窗戶爬進屋去。
They were able to position the yacht by means of radar. 他們能夠用雷達測定快艇的方位。
◆by reason of 由于……的原因
He escaped punishment by reason of youth. 他由于年輕，沒有受到處罰。
The plan failed by reason of bad organization. 這個計劃由于組織不周而失敗了。
◆by virtue of 由于，因為；憑借
I got this house by virtue of my job. 我由于工作的原因得到了這棟房子。
He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth [of being so young, of the fact that he was so young]. 他因年幼而獲得免費。
◆by way of 經由；為了，意在
He came to Japan by way of China. 他經中國來到日本。
He sent her flowers by way of apology. 他給她送去鮮花，以表歉意。
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