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關閉窗口 高考英語必須掌握的10個連接副詞
■湖南 劉青沅
1. besides
besides用作副詞主要表示補充說明，意思是“此外”“而且”。如：
I don’t want to go shopping. Besides, I haven’t got any money. 我不想去購物，再說，我也沒有錢。
She won’t mind your being late —besides, it’s hardly your fault. 她不介意你遲到——況且這也不能說是你的錯。
2. however
however主要用于轉折或對比，意思是“然而”“可是”“但是”。如：
Some of the food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well. 有些糧食作物長得不好，但棉花長得很不錯。
His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他最初的反應是不同意，但是后來他改變了主意。
3. instead
instead主要表示取而代之，大意是“相對”“而是”，有時需根據具體語境來翻譯。如：
It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead. 開車去要好幾天呢，咱們還是坐飛機去吧。
My husband asked why I couldn’t just forget about dieting all the time and eat normally instead. 丈夫問我為什么就不能不整天想著節食，轉而正經吃飯。
4. nevertheless
nevertheless 主要表示對比或轉折，意思是“盡管如此”“不過”“仍然”。如：
There was no news; nevertheless we went on hoping. 盡管毫無消息，我們仍抱著希望。
It’s a difficult race. Nevertheless, thousands of runners participate every year. 那是艱難的比賽，但每年仍有數千人賽跑者參加。
5. meanwhile
(1) 表示時間，意思是“其間”“同時”“在此期間”。如：
The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated. 航班很快就要廣播登機，在此期間請繼續坐在座位上。
Carl’s starting college in September. Meanwhile, he’s travelling around
(2) 表示對比，意思是“相比之下”“然而”“而”。如：
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects. 壓力會嚴重損害你的健康，鍛煉則可以減少這些影響。
He had always found his wife’s mother a bit annoying. The mother-daughter relationship, meanwhile, was close. 他總是覺得丈母娘有點煩人，然而她們母女之間的關系卻非常親密。
6. moreover
moreover主要表示補充說明，意思是“此外”“而且”，與besides大致同義。如：
The firm did the work very well. Moreover, the cost was not too high. 這家公司做得十分出色，而且費用也不太高。
Bicycling is good exercise；moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air. 騎自行車是很好的運動，而且它不會污染空氣。
7. otherwise
otherwise主要表示否定的條件，意思是“否則”“要不然”。如：
You’ll have to go now, otherwise you’ll miss your bus. 你現在得走了，不然你會趕不上公共汽車了。
I’d better write it down, otherwise I’ll forget it. 我最好把它寫下來，要不然我會忘記的。
8. therefore
therefore主要表示結果，意思是“因此”“所以”。如：
We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project. 我們無法籌到資金，因此不得不放棄計劃。
Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories. 肌肉細胞需要很多能量，所以會燃燒大量卡路里。
9. thus
thus主要表示結果，意思是“因此”“所以”。如：
No decision had been made, and thus the situation remained unclear. 由于沒有作出決定，所以事態并不明朗。
Fewer pupils will attend the schools, and they will thus have fewer teachers. 上學的學生人數會減少，因此他們將會減少教師的數量。
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