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關(guān)閉窗口 下面拿以上提到的趙振才編著的《英語常見問題解答大詞典》(增訂版)(世界圖書西安出版公司2005年3月第1版)P684:的一個(gè)句子為例：In fact, the nation’s first settlers would have been very surprised to see how Americans celebrate Christmas today. (VOA)事實(shí)上，要是美國最早的定居者看到今天美國人慶祝圣誕節(jié)的盛況，會(huì)感到十分驚訝。
此句可以改為條件狀語從句: In fact, the nation’s first settlers would have been very surprised if they could see how Americans celebrate Christmas today. 事實(shí)上，要是美國最早的定居者看到今天美國人慶祝圣誕節(jié)的盛況，會(huì)感到十分驚訝。
但是絕對(duì)不能改為原因狀語從句：In fact, the nation’s first settlers would have been very surprised because they could see how Americans celebrate Christmas today. 事實(shí)上，因?yàn)?/B>美國最早的定居者看到今天美國人慶祝圣誕節(jié)的盛況，會(huì)感到十分驚訝。（筆者注：此句太不可思議�。�
僅此一例就足以證明把“條件狀語從句”劃到“原因狀語從句”的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的！
況且，動(dòng)詞不定式作條件狀語和作原因狀語是有差別的：
1. 潘煥懷編著的《現(xiàn)代英語句法》（北京師范大學(xué)出版社 1984年9月第1版）P206不定式短語可以用于動(dòng)詞、形容詞或-ed分詞后表示原因。表示原因時(shí)，不定式短語表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作。例如：
I’m sorry to hear you are not well.
2. 徐廣聯(lián)主編的《大學(xué)英語語法講座與測(cè)試》(第5版)(華東理工大學(xué)出版社 2014年1月第5版)P622：不定式作原因狀語時(shí)，一般放在句尾，不定式常跟在一些 形容詞或過去分詞后說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，常用的這類詞有：happy, lucky, fortunate, pained, ashamed, surprised, grieved, frightened, shocked, sorry, glad, delighted, eager, disappointed, right, anxious, ready, clever, unwise, quick, foolish, rude, considerate, cruel, wrong, annoyed, bored, astonished, interested, overjoyed, puzzled, relieved, worried等。例如：
He is rude to behave like that.
3. 秦裕祥著的《英語語法專題研究》（湖南師范大學(xué)出版社 1999年5月第1版）P185：不定式表示 兩種原因，一是激發(fā)性原因，這時(shí)它出現(xiàn)于含情感意義的詞語之后，表明激發(fā)人類喜怒哀樂等情感的原因；二是說明性原因，這時(shí)它出現(xiàn)于描述人類品格或性質(zhì)特征的詞語之后，表明說話人作出評(píng)論的理由。例如：
The audience cheered to see our team win. (the fact that they saw our team win caused them to cheer.)
He looked happy to hear the news. (The fact that he heard the news made him look happy.)
He was fortunate to escape being hurt. (The reason why I think he was fortunate is that he escaped being hurt.)
不定式表示原因時(shí)，終止性動(dòng)詞傾向于用一般體表示先時(shí)性；延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或終止性動(dòng)詞在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)先時(shí)性時(shí)用完成體表示先時(shí)性。
4. 秦裕祥著的《英語語法專題研究》（湖南師范大學(xué)出版社 1999年5月第1版）P180：
不定式表示想象性條件，主要用于表示說話人的假設(shè)。 (例句見12.)
不定式表示的條件多為非真實(shí)條件，但有時(shí)也可見到不定式表示真實(shí)條件的情況。如它用于表示說話人主觀設(shè)定的條件或與目的的意義相混雜的條件時(shí)即是如此。(例句見12.)
表?xiàng)l件時(shí)，不定式有一般體和完成體形式，一般體主要表示對(duì)說話時(shí)刻后的情況的假設(shè)，但在有的句型中，也可表示對(duì)說話時(shí)刻前的情況的假設(shè)，完成體則僅表示對(duì)說話時(shí)刻前的情況的假設(shè)。試比較：
(1) A. I should be glad to go(=if I could go).
B. I should have been glad to go(if I could have gone).
(2) A. He would be foolish to do it (=if he should do it)
B. He would have been foolish to do it (=if he had done it)
(3) A. To have come (=if you had come) to good terms with them, you would have done better.
B. What would I give not to have heard (=if I had not heard) the calamities fallen on the heads of the King and Queen of
C. What would I not have given to be able (=if I had been able) to say the rules without a mistake!
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