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動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞:兩種不同概念的非謂語動詞 |
作者:劉永科 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時間:2015-01-23 文章錄入:劉永科 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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第四組: 1. The novel is about three sisters growing up. 2. The wallet was found by three pupils going home. 【講解】句1,growing up是動名詞短語作介詞about的賓語,three sisters是growing up的邏輯主語。句子意思是“這部小說講述了姐妹三人的成長歷程。”如果動名詞的邏輯主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,通常用普通格而不用所有格。與前面不同的是,該句子中的動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作了介詞about的賓語。 句2,介詞by后面也是跟了似乎是帶有邏輯主語的“動詞-ing形式”,但是,仔細(xì)分析則不然。going home是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(postmodifier),修飾three pupils,相當(dāng)于定語從句who were going home。 總之,“動詞-ing形式”用在名詞之后,有可能出現(xiàn)如下三種情況: 1. “動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”(即:含有邏輯主語的動名詞)作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。 2. “動詞-ing形式”為現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓補(bǔ)。 3. “動詞-ing形式”為現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語,修飾前面的名詞,相當(dāng)于定語從句。 一般說來,在感官動詞,如see, watch, notice, discover, hear, find, listen to, look at, feel和使役動詞have, get, leave, keep等后面,這時的現(xiàn)在分詞都是作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如: Mary saw a stranger entering your office. 瑪麗看見一個陌生人進(jìn)入你的辦公室。 I found a beggar standing at the door. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個乞丐站在門口。 I smelt something burning. 我聞到有東西燒煳了。 Don’t keep your children learning all day. 不要讓你的孩子整天學(xué)習(xí)。 I heard someone knocking at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。 Don’t always keep the machine running. 不要老是讓讓機(jī)器轉(zhuǎn)著。 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語(如方式、方面等),“介詞+動名詞”也可以用作狀語。因此,有時在不改變句子意義的情況下,增添或減少介詞便可以作為區(qū)分動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的標(biāo)志。 有介詞是動名詞;沒有介詞是現(xiàn)在分詞。為了簡單起見,我們也可以不作進(jìn)一步分析,只看作狀語即可。例如: Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 通過使用他的雜交稻種,農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)的糧食是以前的兩倍。(using是現(xiàn)在分詞) By Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. (using是動名詞) They also express their feelings using unspoken language through keeping physical distance, actions or posture. 他們還通過使用無聲語言,借助保持距離、動作和姿勢,來表達(dá)感情。(using是現(xiàn)在分詞) They also express their feelings by using unspoken language through keeping physical distance, actions or posture.(using是動名詞) He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. 他一定要做到使用外語時,忘掉本族語。(forgetting是現(xiàn)在分詞) He must be able to use the foreign language through forgetting all about his own. (forgetting是動名詞) She caught cold (by) sitting on the grass. 她因坐在草地上面著了涼。 Mike wasn’t long (in) making up his mind. 邁克不久就會下定決心的。 I lost no time (in) talking. 我一刻也沒耽誤地談話。 They spent a lot of time (in) searching for the ways to solve the problem. 他們花了大量時間尋找解決問題的辦法。 We are busy (in) making arrangement for Christmas. 我們正忙著做圣誕節(jié)的準(zhǔn)備。 以上例句,有介詞時“動詞-ing形式”是動名詞;無介詞時“動詞-ing形式”是現(xiàn)在分詞。
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