【第三組】

1. Set up more than one hundred years ago, this school is very famous in the city. 這所學(xué)校成立于100多年前，在本市很有名。

2. Being watched by so many people then, she felt very nervous at the stage. 當(dāng)時由于那么多人在觀看她，所以她在臺上很緊張。

用在句首作狀語時，“過去分詞”表示“被動和完成”；而“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式”表示“被動和進行”。

【第四組】

1. Tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.

2. Being tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.

作狀語時，分詞表示“狀態(tài)”而不是“動作”的情況下，“過去分詞”和“現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式”都可以用，意思幾乎沒有差別。又如：

Satisfied (=Being satisfied) with his experiment, the professor went out of his office merrily.

Seated (=Being seated) around the table, we listened to the chairman attentively.

Unemployed (=Being unemployed), he hasn’t got much money.

Well taken care of (=Being well taken care of), she recovered quickly.

【第五組】

1. Compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 和他們相比，我們還有很長的路要走。

2. Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 帶著參觀了圖書館后，我們又被帶去參觀實驗室。

過去分詞 Compared with them 作條件狀語，與句子謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間沒有先后之分，或者先后時間不明確。句1相當(dāng)于If we are compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 而“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式”Having been shown the library 一定早于句子謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間，句2相當(dāng)于After we had been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 一般來講，只要動作早于謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間，而且又是被動意義，就應(yīng)使用“現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式”。又如：

Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 郵遞員被狗咬了兩次之后要我們把狗拴起來，不然就不給我們送信了。

Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。

句中的having been asked to stay有兩層意思：一是“要我留下”在先，“我不好離開”在后，這就是使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的原因；二是“我”與“要求”之間為被動關(guān)系，即“我”是“被”要求留下的，而不是我自動留下的，說明這里應(yīng)該使用被動式。

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