![]() ![]() |
從屬連詞后的一種特殊省略 |
作者:劉永科 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2015-01-25 文章錄入:劉永科 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
|
從屬連詞后的一種特殊省略 ■本站特約作者 劉永科 There followed when first built 原本是一個(gè)省略了某種成分的從句,補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)該是:when it was first built。又如,When heated, water will become vapor. 加熱時(shí),水會(huì)變成水蒸汽。 英語語法規(guī)定,在某些狀語從句中,當(dāng)其主語跟主句的主語一致,而且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以把主語(一般是代詞充當(dāng))以及be動(dòng)詞一起省略。旨在使句子更加簡潔和生動(dòng)。 這個(gè)規(guī)則必須滿足3個(gè)條件:(1)限于某些狀語從句(2)主、從句的主語必須一致(3)有be動(dòng)詞,這個(gè)be動(dòng)詞可以是系動(dòng)詞,可以是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的be,也可以是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be。例如: Mary often helped her classmates when (she was) free. (was是系動(dòng)詞) While (you were) walking the dog, you were careless. (were是進(jìn)行時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞) John won't come to your party unless (he is) invited. (is是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞) 現(xiàn)在,把各種狀語從句的省略情況,盡可能全面系統(tǒng)地做一總結(jié)。 1. 時(shí)間狀語從句中,省略“主語+be” When (she was) very young,she began to learn to play the violin. 她很小的時(shí)候,就開始學(xué)習(xí)拉小提琴! Tom likes to listen to music while (he is) reading. 湯姆喜歡讀書時(shí)聽音樂。 2. 條件狀語從句中,省略“主語+be” If (he is) given more time, he will do the work better. 如果給更多的時(shí)間,他會(huì)做得更好。 Unless (you are) here, you can't find this kind of plants. 除非在這里,其他地方你找不到這種植物。 If條件句是省略最經(jīng)常、省略形式最多的一種。常見的條件句省略形式有:if necessary, if possible, if true, if so, if not, if any, if anything, if anyone, if eve, if not better than等。例如: I could come earlier, if (it is) necessary. 如果有必要我可以早點(diǎn)來。 If (it is) possible, I'll come to help. 如果可能的話,我會(huì)來幫忙的。 If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的,這會(huì)給我們帶來很多麻煩。 They think she may try to phone. If (it is) so, someone must stay here. 他們認(rèn)為她可能來電話。要是這樣的話,就得有人守在這兒。 I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。 There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 現(xiàn)在能記得他的人,即使有也很少了。 I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised. 我沒有生氣。如果說我有什么反應(yīng)的話,那就是我感到有些驚訝。 If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道,那就是他了。 He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不會(huì),即使有也很少,單獨(dú)去看電影的。 Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再住一晚嗎? 如果是這樣,我們可以給您提供條件更好一點(diǎn)的房間。如果不是,您能在12點(diǎn)前離開這房間嗎? Jim plays football as well as, if not better than, Mike. 吉姆踢足球如果不是比邁克踢得更好,至少也是一樣好。 3. 讓步狀語從句中,省略“主語+be” Though (he is) a young man, he has made several inventions. 雖然還是個(gè)年輕人,他已經(jīng)有好幾項(xiàng)發(fā)明了。 He is a good man,though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他是個(gè)好人,盡管有時(shí)相當(dāng)無聊。 Even if (I am) invited to,I won't go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀請(qǐng)我去,我也不參加如此糟糕的講座。 4. 方式狀語從句中,省略“主語+be” She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded. 她和陌生人談話時(shí)似乎心不在焉。 He opened the drawer,as if (he was) in search of something important. 他打開抽屜仿佛要找什么重要的東西。 She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在門口好像在等人。 The teacher shouted at the boy as if (he was) angry. 老師朝孩子大喊大叫好似很生氣。 5. 比較狀語從句省略相關(guān)成分 由than或as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句,在意義明確的情況下,可以省略than或as后面的相應(yīng)部分,這一點(diǎn)與上述情況不同。 I know you better than (I know) him. 我對(duì)你比對(duì)他了解得更清楚。 I know you better than he (knows you). 我比他更了解你。 She can dance ballet just as wonderfully as you (dance). 她芭蕾舞跳得和你一樣好。 She has finished the work earlier than (it has been) expected. 她這項(xiàng)工作比預(yù)料的提前完成。
|
![]() ![]() |