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不定式的句法功能歸納 |
作者:hgram 文章來(lái)源:www.hz123456.com 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2008-07-18 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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不定式做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)須從三個(gè)方面來(lái)掌握。 (1) 動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式的to不能省略。這樣的動(dòng)詞有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, order, permit, persuade, require, teach, tell, want, wish, warn, call on, wait for, long for。如: The teacher advised us to learn through experiment. 老師勸我們通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。 They didn’t allow us to enter the hall. 他們不允許我們進(jìn)入大廳。 (2) 動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式的to須省略。這樣的動(dòng)詞有:have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch, observe ,但它們變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式的to不能省略。如 The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. — The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss. 過(guò)去老板使工人們每天工作十多個(gè)小時(shí)。 I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. —Li Lei was seen to fall down from his bike. 我看見(jiàn)李蕾?gòu)膯诬?chē)上摔了下來(lái)。 (3) 動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式的to可省略也可不省略。如: He often comes to help us (to) do some farming work. 他經(jīng)常來(lái)幫我們干農(nóng)活。 (1) 不定式短語(yǔ)可用來(lái)做系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。如: My hope is to become a scientist like Einstein. 我的希望就是做一個(gè)像愛(ài)因斯坦那樣的科學(xué)家。 My job is to teach English. 我的工作就是教英語(yǔ)。 (2) 不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)須注意兩點(diǎn)(from www.hz123456.com): A. 一般說(shuō)來(lái),不定式前面的to不能省略,但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí),to須省略。如: What I want is to visit the History Museum now. 我所想的就是現(xiàn)在去參觀歷史博物館。 What he wants to do is go swimming in that river. 他想做的事就是去河里游泳。 B. 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示主語(yǔ)的責(zé)任、義務(wù)或?qū)?lái)的行為;當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式是表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。如: We are to keep the order in the street. 我們將去街上維持秩序。(將來(lái)時(shí)) Our job is to keep the order in the street. 我們的工作是維持街上的秩序。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) (1) 不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后,表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: We have much work to do. 我們有很多事情要做。 I have a letter to answer. 我有一封信要回復(fù)。 (2) 不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí),中心詞與不定式的關(guān)系: A. 主謂關(guān)系,即:中心詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如: Li Lei was the first student to come into the classroom this morning. 今天早晨李蕾是第一個(gè)進(jìn)教室的學(xué)生。 Liu Ying was the very girl to meet you. 劉英正是來(lái)接你的那個(gè)女孩子。 B. 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即:中心詞是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。如: Do you have anything to do now? 你現(xiàn)在有事情要做嗎? I have some clothes to wash. 我有些衣服要洗(from www.hz123456.com)。 當(dāng)不定式與所修飾的中心詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式中的動(dòng)詞須為及物動(dòng)詞,若是不及物動(dòng)詞,不定式后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如: Go ahead, please. I have a friend to wait for here. 請(qǐng)先走吧,我還有個(gè)朋友要在這兒等。 C. 說(shuō)明關(guān)系,即:不定式是中心詞的內(nèi)容。如: I had a dream to fly in the sky like a bird. 我做了一個(gè)像鳥(niǎo)兒在天上飛的夢(mèng) I have a wish to go to college. 我有一個(gè)上大學(xué)的愿望。 |
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