備考主謂一致的五個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

一、誤解集合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)意義

英語(yǔ)中的集合名詞，有些只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，如police, people, cattle 等；有些只表示單數(shù)意義，如clothing, poetry, baggage / luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment 等；有些既可表示單數(shù)意義（視為整體）也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義（考慮其中的個(gè)體），如family, team, class, crowd, government, crew, committee, audience 等。

警方正調(diào)查事故原因。

正：The police are looking into the cause of the accident.

誤：The police is looking into the cause of the accident.

你在清洗地毯之前得把所有的家具都挪出室外。

正：All the furniture has to be moved out before you clean the rug.

誤：All the furniture have to be moved out before you clean the rug.

二、根據(jù)字面意義錯(cuò)用主謂一致

在有些情況下，從字面上看，好像是單數(shù)意，但實(shí)際上句子真正的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)。如：

這些年輕人每個(gè)人都有不同的觀點(diǎn)。

正：These young people each have a different point of view.

誤：These young people each has a different point of view.

說(shuō)明：句子真正的主語(yǔ)是 these young people，而不是 each。

三、誤將主語(yǔ)后的介詞短語(yǔ)為句子主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)后面接有 in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介詞引出的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式取決介詞前主語(yǔ)，而與介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。如：

除我父母之外沒(méi)有知道此事。

正：No one except my parents knows anything about this.

誤：No one except my parents know anything about this.

四、沒(méi)弄清用作主語(yǔ)的指代意義

有些用作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞的意思并不是固定的，而是需要根據(jù)句子的上文來(lái)確實(shí)，此時(shí)則要注意它所指代的相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)意義還是單數(shù)意義。如：

他說(shuō)的有一部分是真的，其余的就不是了。

正：Part of what he says is true; the rest is not.

誤：Part of what he says is true; the rest are not.

所有的房間都有貨個(gè)人浴缸，并且大多數(shù)房間還有無(wú)線電和電視機(jī)。

正：All of the rooms have private baths, and most have radios and TV.

誤：All of the rooms have private baths, and most has radios and TV.

五、不知道主謂一致中的某些特殊用法

英語(yǔ)中有些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，它們雖然意義是復(fù)數(shù)，但習(xí)慣上要用配單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中最典型的是“many a +名詞”和“more than one +名詞”這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那兒玩。

More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試未及格。

【即學(xué)即練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1. The goods that you ordered _______ (have) arrived in the store.

2. The headmaster said that the teacher rather than the students _______ (be) to blame.

3. 20 kg of luggage _______ (be) the maximum we allow on the flight.

4. Some guests are already here and the rest _______ (be) coming.

5. A few people were killed in the fire, but most _______ (be) saved.

6. All the machinery in the factory _______ (be) made in China.

7. I was told that his children as well as his wife _______ (be) invited to the party.

8. Many a mother _______ (try) to act out her unrealized dreams through her daughter.

參考答案：1. have  2. was  3. is  4. are  5. were  6. is  7. were  8. tries