動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語的三類重要考點

考點一：考查介詞后接動詞時所用形式

【考題實例】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___61___ (be) late for school. (2014課標卷II語法填空題)

【考點分析】本句答案為being。因為空格前的 about 為介詞，根據英語語法的要求，當介詞后面接一個動詞作賓語時，這個動詞通常要用-ing形式（即傳統語法中的動名詞形式）。又如：

I’m very nervous about taking that exam. 參加那個考試我很緊張。

She rested for two weeks after being in the hospital. 出院后，她休息了兩周。

Save the document to disk before closing it. 關閉文件前把它保存到磁盤上。

He ran ten kilometres without stopping. 他一路不停跑了10公里。

【特別提醒】表示“除……之外”的介詞but和except是例外，當它后面接動詞作賓語時，該動詞通常用不定式（不定式是否帶to與其前是否有動詞do有關：有do則通常不帶to，沒有do則通常帶to）。如：

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生氣外，沒產生任何效果。

She had nothing to do except spend money. 她除了花錢更無所事事。

考點二：考查習慣上只接動詞-ing形式作賓語的用法

【考題實例】Still, the boy kept ___67___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. (2014課標卷II語法填空題)

【考點分析】本題答案填 riding。在英語中，當一個動詞后面接另一個動詞作賓語時，用作賓語的動詞有時要用不定式，有時要用動詞的-ing形式，而本句中的 keep 則是一個只跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞。

【相關歸納】習慣上只接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞主要有： acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, include, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, prohibit, propose, put off, recall, recollect, recommend, repent, report, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest, understand, witness等。

【溫馨提示】動詞keep后接動詞-ing形式的用法似乎是高考命題特別青睞的一個考題，請再看2014年的一道真題（答案為holding）：

Keep ___64___ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. (2014遼寧卷語法填空題)

考點三：考查動詞-ing形式與不定式的用法區別

【考題實例】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___66___ (stop) until we reached the next stop. (2014課標卷II)

【考點分析】本題答案填 to stop。在高考中動詞-ing形式的用法總與不定式的用法有著千絲萬縷的聯系。正如有些動詞后接另一動詞作賓語習慣上要用-ing形式一樣，還有一些動詞則習慣上要接不定式作賓語，本題的 refuse 就是其中之一。高考閱卷的統計數據表明，做題本題的答卷中，90%以上的考生是錯填了動詞的-ing形式（stopping）。

【相關歸納】習慣上只接不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, wish等。

【牛刀小試】

Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times (1)________ most of us enjoy (2)________ (eat) sweets and ice-cream, they are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite. It’s (3)________ (importance) for us to eat our meal at regular time each day. When we feel (4)________ (worry) or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges often decided (5)________ a man was telling the truth by (6)________ (give) him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow the bread, it (7)________ (mean) that he wasn’t telling (8)________ truth. Though this seems strange and (9)________ (fool), they thought it was a good way of finding out truth. A man who is worried about something has difficulty in (10)________ (swallow) anything dry because he loses his appetite.

【參考答案】1. when  2. eating  3. important  4. worried  5. if / whether  6. giving  7. meant  8. the  9. foolish  10. swallowing