動詞-ing形式作表語和賓補的三個要點

考點一：考查動詞-ing形式作表語的用法

【考題實例】The wife said to his husband, “Buying such a white elephant is simply _______ (waste) money.”

【考點分析】答案為wasting。在通常情況下，如果主語動詞的-ing形式，則其表語通常也用-ing形式。又如：

Doing that was playing with fire. 這樣做是玩火。

Talking to you is talking to the wall. 和你談是對牛彈琴。

Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts. 否認這一點就是睜眼不看事實。

【知識拓展】動詞-ing形式作表語有兩個明顯特點：一是表示等價內容，即表示表語與主語“等價”，用以具體說明主語的具體內容，此時的動詞-ing形式就是傳統語法中的動名詞；二是表示主語的性質或特征等，此時的動詞-ing形式就是傳統語法中的現在分詞，但這樣的-ing形式通常已轉化為形容詞。如：

My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照看這些孩子。(動名詞looking after…作表語，表示主語my job的具體內容)

The work is difficult, but it is interesting. 這件工作雖然很難，但很有趣。(現在分詞轉化來的形容詞interesting作表語，表示主語the work的特征)

考點二：考查動詞-ing形式作賓補的用法

【考題實例】He arrived home just in time to see his brother _______ (take) away by the police.

【考點分析】答案為being taken。根據句子前半部分的He arrived home just in time to see（他到家時正好看到）可知，空格處所填動詞是指一個動詞正在進行或發生的瞬間，故宜用動詞的-ing形式，再根據句末的 by the police（被警察）以及his brother與take之間的關系，可知此處的動詞-ing形式應用被動式，句意為：他到家時正好看到他的兄弟被警察帶走。又如：

He often came to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded. 他常常到這里來看輪船裝貨卸貨。

I woke up to hear the bedroom door being opened slowly. 我醒過來，聽見臥室的門慢慢地被推開。

【知識拓展】與動詞-ing形式作表語類似，動詞-ing形式作賓補也有兩個明顯特點：一是表示等價內容，即表示賓補與賓語“等價”，用以具體說明賓語的具體內容，此時的動詞-ing形式就是傳統語法中的動名詞；二是表示賓語的性質、特征、正在進行的動作等，此時的動詞-ing形式就是傳統語法中的現在分詞，這樣的-ing形式若表示賓語的性質特點，則通常可視為形容詞來理解，若表示賓語進行的動作，則不能視為形容詞。如：

I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補西墻。（賓補robbing Peter to pay Paul為傳統語法中的動名詞，用以說明 this 的具體內容）

No one thought the film interesting. 沒人認為這部電影很有趣。（賓補interesting為傳統語法中的現在分詞，其實已轉化為形容詞，它在此用以說明 film 的性質或特點）

The police observed the man entering the bank. 警方監視著那男子進入銀行的情況。（賓補entering the bank為傳統語法中的現在分詞，用以說明 them man 當時正在進行的動作）

考點三：考查動詞-ing形式作表語時與-ed形式的區別

【考題實例】Please stop making that noise—it’s getting ________ (annoy).

【考點分析】答案為annoying，不能填annoyed。本考點主要涉及動詞-ing形式與-ed形式的用法區別。又如：

It was half seven; her mother would be annoyed because he was so late. 7點半了，他到得這么晚，她母親一定會生氣的。

It’s really annoying when a train is late and there’s no explanation. 火車誤點而又不作任何解釋，這很令人惱火。

【知識拓展】有的同學認為：-ed形容詞只用于修飾人，-ing形容詞只用于修飾事物，其實不一定。正確的理解是：-ed形容詞指人的感覺，表示人感到如何；而-ing形容詞則指事物給人的感覺，表示令人感到如何。比較：

The man was very much frightened. 這個人非常害怕。

The man was very much frightening. 這個人非常可怕。

Her son was very disappointed. 她的兒子非常失望。

Her son was very disappointing. 她的兒子非常令人失望。

-ed形容詞除用于說明人的感覺外，有也用于修飾voice, look, expression, appearance, manner, smile等，用以表示該名詞邏輯主語的感覺。如：

He gave her an astonished look. 他驚異地望了她一眼。

Mr. Knight gave a satisfied smile. 奈特先生露出滿意的微笑。

His face wore a puzzled expression. 他臉上有一種困惑的表情。

She had a worried look on her face. 她臉上有一種憂慮的表情。

【即學即練】用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空，每空限填一詞：

1. Can we call this _______ (serve) mankind?

2. The real problem is _______ (get) to know the needs of the customers.

3. Her suggestion was _______ (have) our conversation in French.

4. My teacher is both gentle and _______ (encourage) towards me.

5. I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so _______ (embarrass).

6. You must find it _______ (excite) working here.

7. She smelt something _______ (burn) and saw smoke rising.

8. He often came to watch the boats _______ _______ (load) and unloaded.

9. I woke up to hear the bedroom door _______ _______ (open) slowly.

10. If she catches you _______ (read) her diary, she’ll be furious.

參考答案：1. serving  2. getting  3. having  4. encouraging  5. embarrassing  6. exciting  7. burning  8. being loaded  9. being opened  10. reading