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兩組關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析 |
作者:陳根花 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2008-07-25 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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兩組關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析 1. that 與 which:兩者都可指物,常可互換,其區(qū)別是: (1) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句或直接放在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用which。如: Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開(kāi)車(chē)很快,這是很危險(xiǎn)的。 This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 這是一個(gè)我們可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題。 (2) 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞或被其修飾、受the very, the only, the same 等修飾、受形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)等修飾、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)或先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí),通常用that。如: All that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。 This is the only book (that) I find useful. 這是我發(fā)現(xiàn)的惟一有用的書(shū)。 The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。 China is not the country (that) it was. 中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。 2. as 與 which: (1) 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在 such, as, the same 后只能用 as,其他情況用 which。如: He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來(lái)那么傻。 He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一種他買(mǎi)得起的最貴的煙。 (2) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),有時(shí)兩者可互換,但若位于主句之前,則只能用as。如: I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得離工作單位很遠(yuǎn),這你是知道的。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周,這是每個(gè)人都清楚的。 另外,as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致,which無(wú)此限制。如: He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出國(guó)了,這是大家預(yù)料到的。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國(guó)了,這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as) |
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