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分詞邏輯主語的用法及考題實例

分詞屬非謂語動詞，即不用作謂語的動詞，所以它沒有真正的主語。但是，分詞作為動詞的一種形式，它應有自己理論上或邏輯上的主語。如：

I found the girl sitting in the corner. 我發現這個女孩坐在角落里 (the girl 是sitting的邏輯主語)

Seeing this，some of us became worried. 看到這隋況，我們有些人著急起來。(some of us是seeing的邏輯主語)

值得特別指出的是，分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語通常應是句子主語，否則會出錯。請看下例：

(1) Finding her car stolen, ________.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

此題答案應選D，因為句首用作狀語的現在分詞短語finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語應是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。

在使用分詞的邏輯主語時還要注意根據句意判斷是主動還是被動，如：

(2) ________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                               B. Though to be told

C. Having told                                      D. He was told

根據句意，he 與 tell 應是被動關系。從時間上看，應該是“被告訴”在先，“沒有理解”在后，故選A。比較下題由于句中用了并列連詞but，情況有所不同：

(3) ________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                                B. Though he was told

C. To have been told                              D. He was told

此題答案選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明 but 前應是一個獨立的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C)。