lay與lie用法辨析

■本站特約作者  薄金成

Ⅰ. 詞義、詞性（如上圖所示）

A. lay vt. laid, laid放置；vi.&vt.下(蛋)

They laid the injured woman (down) on the grass. 他們把受傷的女人放在草地上。

Last week they laid 30 eggs, but this week the hens aren’t laying. 上星期那些母雞下了三十個(gè)蛋，但本周沒有下蛋。

B. lie¹ v. [I] lay lain躺；位于；被平放；處于某種狀態(tài)

He lay down for a rest. 他躺下休息一會(huì)。

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東面。

There was a book lying on the table. 桌子上平放著一本書。（主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義）

I have lain awake all night thinking of them. 我心里想著他們，徹夜未眠。

C. lie² v. [I] 說謊

She lied (to them) about her age in order to get the job. 她為了謀得那份工作（向他們）隱瞞了年齡。

[辨別正誤]：他向我撒謊說他昨天病了。

He lied me that he was ill yesterday. (×)

He lied to me that he was ill yesterday. (×)

He told me a lie that he was ill yesterday. (√)

Ⅱ. 科學(xué)識(shí)記

A. 動(dòng)詞變化

1.lay v [T] 放置；[I, T]下蛋：是ABB形式。

2. lie¹ v [I] lay lain躺；位于；被平放；處于某種狀態(tài)：是ABC形式。

3. lie² v [I] 說謊：是規(guī)則變化

B. 單詞拼寫

1. lay（v [T] laid, laid放置；[I, T]下蛋）的原形、過去式及過去分詞都排在lie¹ 的（v [I] lay lain躺；被平放；位于；處于某種狀態(tài)）之前

2. lie¹（v [I] lay lain躺；被平放；位于；處于某種狀態(tài)）的過去式和lay （v [T] laid, laid放置；[I, T]下蛋）的原形一致。

The meeting is over. 會(huì)議結(jié)束了。

Is anyone upstairs? 樓上有人嗎？

Is the radio on or off? 收音機(jī)是開著的還是關(guān)著的？

【注】在通常情況下，用作表語時(shí)不用副詞而用形容詞，如可說The woman is beautiful. 而不說 The woman is beautifully. 可說The cloth feels soft. 不能說 The cloth feels softly. 英語中用作表語的副詞主要是表地點(diǎn)的副詞以及某些與介詞同形的副詞，而且只能用于連系動(dòng)詞be 后作表語，而不用于其他連系動(dòng)詞后作表語，如可說He is here 或 He is abroad，但不能說He seems here 或 He seems abroad。