介詞to與for引出間接賓語時所搭配的動詞

兩者都可以引出間接賓語，但要根據(jù)不同的動詞分別選用介詞 to 或 for，具體應(yīng)注意以下三種情況：

1. 在 give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介詞 to。如：

Please give me a dictionary. =Please give a dictionary to me. 請給我一本詞典。

Please pass me the salt. =Please pass the salt to me. 請把鹽遞給我。

He handed her his drink. =He handed his drink to her. 他把他的飲料遞給她。

Send him some.=Send some to him. 送一些給他。

Bring me a glass of water.=Bring a glass of water for me. 給我倒杯水來。

We have sent him a telegram.=We have sent a telegram to him. 我們已給他發(fā)了一份電報。

Please lend me this book for a week. = Please lend this book to me for a week. 請把這本書借給我一星期。

Throw me the ball.=Throw the ball to me. 把球扔給我。

Please show me your photo.=Please show your photo to me. 請給我看看你的照片。

Show her some kindness.=Show some kindness to her. 對她客氣些。

I paid him the money.=I paid the money to him. 我將錢付給了他。

Please read me the letter.= Please read the letter to me. 請把信念給我聽。

Please write me the result.=Please write the result to me. 請把結(jié)果寫給我。

He wrote her some letters.=He wrote some letters to her. 他給她寫了幾封信。

He offered her his chair.=He offered his chair to her. 他把他的椅子給她坐。

He teaches the children maths.=He teach maths to the children. 他教孩子們學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。

2. 在 buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介詞 for 。如：

Will you get me a ticket?=Will you get a ticket for me? 你能為我弄張票嗎?

My uncle bought me an English dictionary.=My uncle bought an English dictionary for me. 我叔叔為我買了本英語詞典。

She cooked us some potatoes. =She cooked some potatoes for us. 她給我們煮了些土豆。

He sang us an English song.=He sang an English song for us. 他為我們唱了首英語歌。

Please find me the keys. = Please find the keys for me. 請幫我把鑰匙找到。

Can you spare me a few minutes?=Can you spare a few minutes for me? 能耽擱你幾分鐘嗎 (即你能為我抽出幾分鐘嗎)?

Fetch me the dictionary.=Fetch the dictionary for me. 給我把那本字典拿來。

He chose me a nice present.=He chose a nice present for me. 他為我選了件漂亮的禮物。

Mother is preparing a meal for us.=Mother is preparing us a meal. 母親在給我們準(zhǔn)備飯菜。

3. 有的動詞由于用法和含義不同，用介詞 to 或 for 都是可能的。如：

do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 幫某人的忙

do sb harm＝do harm to sb 對某人有害

在有的情況下，可能既不用for 也不用 to，而用其他的介詞。如：

play sb a trick＝play a trick on sb 作弄某人

請比較：

play sb some folk songs＝play some folk songs for sb 給某人演奏民歌

有時同一個動詞，由于用法不同，所搭配的介詞也可能不同，如 leave sb sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)，若表示一般意義的為某人留下某物，則用介詞 for 引出間接賓語，即說 leave sth for sb；若表示某人死后遺留下某物，則用介詞 to 引出間接賓語，即說 leave sth to sb。如：

Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要給他留個話？

Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父親死后給她留下了一大筆財產(chǎn)。