as的用法詳解

■本站特約作者  薄金成

A. adv. to the same degree or amount; equally 同樣地，一樣地

       He was angry, but she was just as angry.

     =She was as angry as he was.

       他生氣了，但她同樣生氣。

       He has a lot of time but I don’t have as much (as he does).

     =I have less time than he has.

       他有很多時間，但我沒有那么多。

B. prep.

(1)  in the same way as; like像，如同

       Everyone rose as one.

     =everyone rose together.

     大家一起同時起立。

       I only like such small animals as cats and dogs. 我只喜歡像貓和狗一類的小動物。

       as和like在漢語中都譯做“像”，但字面下的隱含意思是不同的。

       like側(cè)重A與B兩者間的比較，并不意味著A和B屬于一類或完全相似。

       He speaks English like an Englishman.

     =He speaks English in a way an Englishman speaks English.

       他說起英語來有些像英國人。

       as則側(cè)重于同一性，意味著A與B兩者屬于同一類或完全相似。

       He speaks English as an Englishman.

     =He speaks English as well as an English.

       他說起英語來和英國人一樣好。

       She was dressed as a man. 她打扮成了男人。(儼然她就是個男人了)。(相同事物)

       She was dressed like a man. 她像男人那樣穿衣服(依然可見她是個女人)。(不同事物)

(2)  in the capacity/job/role/character/condition/function of以...身份，以...為職業(yè)，扮演...角色，具有...特性，在...狀態(tài)下，起...功能/作用

       As a schoolboy, he showed every sign of genius. 當(dāng)他還是個小學(xué)生的時候，就顯示出了天資聰慧。

       The forest will act as a defense against desert dust. 森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用。

       The news came as no surprise. 這消息來得并不突然。

       The man was described as tall and dark, and aged about 20. 據(jù)描述這男人高個子，深色皮膚，年齡在20歲左右。

       They regarded the lecture as boring. 他們認(rèn)為講座很乏味。

       Many people use education as a steppingstone to a better life.許多人將教育作為贏得更好的生活的手段。

       Marion works as a journalist. 馬里恩的職業(yè)是新聞工作者。

       I used to look on him as a friend. 我以前把他看作是一位朋友。

C. conj.

(1)  to the amount or degree that 像...一樣(引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句)

       The fabric was as soft as silk. 那件織品軟得像絲綢。

(2)  in the way in which 以...方式，如同...那樣(引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句)

       It is as you told me. 事情正如你告訴我的那樣。

       Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。

(3)  in spite of the fact that, though雖然，盡管(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)

(a)  adj./v-ed₂/v-ing+as+主語+系動詞。如：

       Oldest as he is in the office, he works hardest.盡管他是辦公室里年齡最大的，他工作最努力。

       注意：adj./adv.最高級前應(yīng)省去定冠詞the。

       Well-written as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.盡管這本書寫得很好，作者還是不滿意并打算修改它。

(b)  adv.+as+主語+謂語部分。如：

       Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.我雖然崇拜他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不明智的。

(c)   n./pron.+as+主語+系動詞。如：

       Student as he is, he does not study hard.他雖然是個學(xué)生，卻不努力學(xué)習(xí)。

       You can use my bike, such as it is. 盡管我的自行車不好，請將就用吧。

       注意：單形可數(shù)n.[c, s]前應(yīng)省去冠詞a(n)。

(d)  動詞原形+as+主語+謂語的其它部分(時態(tài)助動詞/情態(tài)動詞)。如：

       Try as you will, you won’t be able to persuade him.不管你怎么努力，你都說服不了他。

(4)  at or during the time that; when; while當(dāng)...的時候；隨著...(引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)

       He slipped as he was walking to his car. 當(dāng)他走向車子時，他摔倒了。

       He became stout as he grew older. 隨著年齡的增長，他發(fā)胖了。

(5)  for the reason that; because, since因為(引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句)

       She may need some help as she's new. 他可能需要幫助，因為他是新手。

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