四、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1. 主要表示目前的特征或狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、客觀存在及普遍真理等。如：

I know you are busy. 我知道你很忙。

She visits her parents every day. 她每天去看她的父母。

Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。

2. 在狀語(yǔ)從句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示將來(lái)。如：

Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。

I’ll give her the telex when she comes. 她來(lái)時(shí)把電傳交給她。

五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

1. 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

I was having a shower at that time. 那時(shí)我正沖澡。

2. 表示某個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景。如：

I was reading the newspaper when the doorbell rang. 我正在看報(bào)，突然門(mén)鈴響了。

3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。如：

I waved to her but she wasn’t looking. 我向她揮手但她沒(méi)往這邊瞧。

She didn’t hear the doorbell. She was listening to the radio. 她沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門(mén)鈴響，她在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。

注：與always, forever, frequently等副詞連用，可表示某種感情色彩。如：

She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厭煩)

She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到別人。(贊揚(yáng))

六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法

1. 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作(即所謂的“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”)或表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一過(guò)去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：

When we arrived he had already left. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。

By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)他就已工作了12小時(shí)。

2. 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或打算，主要用于 hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend 等動(dòng)詞。如：

I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想來(lái)，但有事就沒(méi)有來(lái)。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我們本想早回來(lái)的，但他們不讓我們走。

3. 用于某些特殊句型。如：

This was the first time he had ever been late. 這是他第一次遲到。(類(lèi)似 it was the first time that…后的從句謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí))

It was three years since we had left the city. (那時(shí))我們離開(kāi)那座城市已有三年。(類(lèi)似 it was…since…后的從句謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí))

We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我們剛出發(fā)就遇到了大雷雨。(no sooner…than 的主句謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí))

He had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 他一到，天就下起雪來(lái)了。(hardly…when 的主句謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí))

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