四、狀語(yǔ)從句省略陷阱

為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見(jiàn)，有的狀語(yǔ)從句(如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句等)有時(shí)可省略從句的主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)(尤其是當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)包括有動(dòng)詞be時(shí))：

While (he was) waiting, he saw Jim pass by. 他在等時(shí)見(jiàn)到吉姆路過(guò)。

He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他張開(kāi)口好像要說(shuō)話(huà)似的。

Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一個(gè)人時(shí)，常常哭泣。

I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient. 你方便時(shí)我想來(lái)看看你。

有些由if構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語(yǔ)，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so。如：

There are few, if any, mistakes in that book. 那本書(shū)就是有錯(cuò)誤也不多。

If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打電話(huà)到我家找我。

If possible, I wish to come next time. 如果可能，我希望下次能來(lái)。

He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見(jiàn)他嗎?

請(qǐng)看下面的考題：

1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ____ to.

A. spoken      B. speaking      C. speak     D. be spoken

【分析】此題容易誤選B，認(rèn)為until 是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞形式。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為“他是個(gè)沉默寡言的人，別人不同他說(shuō)話(huà)，他很少同別人說(shuō)話(huà)”。

2. If carefully _____, the experiment will be successful.

A. do          B. does            C. done         D. doing

【分析】答案選C，為 if it is carefully done 之省略。

3. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins       B. having begun    C. beginning    D. begun

【分析】答案選D，為 once it is begun 之省略。

五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣省略陷阱

在虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)可將引導(dǎo)條件從句的連詞if省略，而將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我會(huì)拒絕。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我會(huì)去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。

值得注意的是，若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。另外，有時(shí)省略if后提前的had不是助動(dòng)詞。如：

Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)來(lái)的。（=If I had time…）

請(qǐng)看一道試題：

It ____ very silly to argue any more against each other about it ___ true.

A. will be; could that be            B. must be; could that be

C. should be; was that to be    D. would be; should that be

【分析】有些同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為主句表示推測(cè)，從而將答案誤選為 B。其實(shí)，只要分析一下句子成分就很簡(jiǎn)單了。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且第2 空所給選項(xiàng)為倒裝，這正好與虛擬語(yǔ)氣中省略 if 時(shí)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一致。由此可知該題考查與將來(lái)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。故答案選 D。

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