并列句還是定語從句

作者：陳根花（湖南）

來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2013年第11期

重慶卷高考英語有這樣一道題：

John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.

A. them                 B. that                    C. which                D. whom

此題答案是D，但許多同學弄不明白，為什么不能選A呢？most of them不是很常用的表達嗎？

其實要區分是選A還是選D，或者說是用most of them還是most of whom，關鍵問題是要弄清此句是并列句還是復合句。如果是復合句，才有可能包含定語從句，同時也才有可能選用most of whom；如果是并列句，就不可能包含定語從句，同時也不可能選用most of whom，而應選用most of them。所以判斷是用most of them還是most of whom的關鍵是要先判斷句子是并列句還是復合句，而判斷是并列句還是復合句的關鍵就是看句中（即兩個主謂結構之間）是否有并列連詞（尤其是and, but）。

下面就高考英語針對定語從句與并列句考點可能涉及的表達和句式作一歸納。

1. both of them還是both of which (whom)

假若必須在both of them和both of which (whom)之間作出選擇，判斷方法如下：如果是并列句（兩句之間必須有并列連詞），用both of them；如果是含有定語從句的復合句（兩句之間不能有并列連詞），用both of which (whom)；其中的which與whom的區別是看先行詞是指人還是指物。比較：

She has written two novels, and both of them have been made into television series. 她寫了兩本小說，均已被拍成了電視連續劇。（兩句間有并列連詞and，故用both of them）

She has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series. 她寫了兩本小說，均已被拍成了電視連續劇。（兩句間沒有并列連詞，故用both of which）

類似both of them還是both of which (whom)這類結構是近年來高考英語考查定語從句時最重要的考點（而不是最重要的考點“之一”），與此類結構相似的還有很多，如其中的both也可以換成one, two, three, some, any, many, several, most, either, neither, all, none等。例如以下各例均為含有非限制性定語從句的復合句，因為兩個主謂結構之間沒有并列連詞：

Both teams made some wild guesses, none of which were right. 兩個隊都是瞎猜一通，沒有猜對一個。

Thompson had two strategies, neither of which seems to have worked very well. 湯普森有兩套行動計劃，效果似乎都不太好。

They produced two reports, neither of which contained any useful suggestions. 他們作了兩個報告，都沒有什么有用的建議。

We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof. 我們已經測試過300種靴子，沒有一種是完全防水的。

Bryan was good at German, French and Russian, all of which he spoke fluently. 布賴恩精通德語、法語和俄語，所有這些語言他都說得很流利。

The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 該工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的原材料被節省下來用作其他用途。

English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it somewhat differently. 英語是一種被數個不同文化分享的語言，每種文化運用英語都會多少有些不同。

The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control. 植物生長的速度受到多種因素的影響，其中的大多數（因素）都不受我們控制。

說明：若以上各句的逗號后加上并列連詞and，那么其后的of which就應改為of them。

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