the way的用法及其含義

新課標(biāo)人教版必修二第1單元Reading中，有這樣一個(gè)句子：In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，這間琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。

the way在句中的語(yǔ)法作用是什么？其意義如何？在閱讀時(shí)，學(xué)生經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到一些含有the way的句子，如：No one knows the way he invented the machine. He did not do the experiment the way his teacher told him.等等。他們對(duì)the way 的用法和含義比較模糊。

在這幾個(gè)句子中，the way之后的部分都是定語(yǔ)從句。第一句的意思是，“沒(méi)人知道他是怎樣發(fā)明這臺(tái)機(jī)器的。”the way的意思相當(dāng)于how；第二句的意思是，“他沒(méi)有按照老師說(shuō)的那樣做實(shí)驗(yàn)。”the way 的意思相當(dāng)于as。在In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.這句話(huà)中，the way也是as的含義。隨著現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展，the way的用法已越來(lái)越普遍了。下面，我們從the way的語(yǔ)法作用和意義等方面做一考查和分析：

（一）the way作先行詞，后接定語(yǔ)從句

以下3種表達(dá)都是正確的。例如：“我喜歡她笑的樣子。”

1. the way+ in which +從句

I like the way in which she smiles.

2. the way+ that +從句

I like the way that she smiles.

3. the way + 從句(省略了in which或that)

I like the way she smiles.

又如：“火災(zāi)如何發(fā)生的，有好幾種說(shuō)法。”

1. There were several theories about the way in which the fire started.

2. There were several theories about the way that the fire started.

3. There were several theories about the way the fire started.

上述句子都正確，意思也完全相同。但是，the way之后用in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句最為正式；省略了that或in which是最自然、最常用的表達(dá)；然而，the way之后用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，最不常見(jiàn)。

注意，在先行詞the way之后不用how。因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞是that而不是how,因此，《現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)慣用法詞典》中所給出的下面兩個(gè)句子是錯(cuò)誤的：

This is the way how it happened.

This is the way how he always treats me.

（二）the way在句中的語(yǔ)法作用

the way在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)：

1.作主語(yǔ)

The way you are doing it is completely crazy.你這個(gè)干法簡(jiǎn)直發(fā)瘋。

The way she puts on that accent really irritates me. 她故意操那種口音的樣子實(shí)在令我惱火。

The way she behaved towards him was utterly ruthless. 她對(duì)待他真是無(wú)情至極。

Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings. 言語(yǔ)固然重要,但人的站姿,抱臂的方式和手勢(shì)也回告訴我們他(她)的情感。

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