第二節 （共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，共 10 分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ___71___

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ___72___ We  know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加強) connections between brain cells, but the  memory processes that take place while we sleep  have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神經元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to from the next day. ___73___

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ___74___ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new expenses.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ___75___ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

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