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With的用法與考點
一、基礎(chǔ)用法
1.與…一起，帶著
I live with my parents. 我和父母住在一起。
Who was that with you? (剛才)和你在一起的是誰？
2.具有，持有，隨身帶著
We bought a house with a garden. 我們買了一座帶花園的房子。
He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一個脾氣暴躁的人。
3.以，用：She covered her ears with her pillow. 她用枕頭蓋住耳朵。
The teacher tested the students with many questions. 老師以許多問題測驗學生。
4.符合，與…一致
Which dress goes better with these shoes. 哪一件衣服較配這雙鞋？
5.伴隨，隨著
We had coffee with cake. 我們喝咖啡，吃蛋糕。
Times has changed, so we need to change with them. 時代改變了，所以我們需要隨時代而改變。
6.為…，因…而
My mother is in bed with a bad cold. 我媽因重感冒臥病在床。
He is tired with work. 他工作做累了。
The baby was crying with hunger. 嬰兒在哭，因為他餓了。
7.盡管，雖然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 盡管他有錢，他并不快樂。
With all her faults, I like her. 盡管她有種種缺點，我還是喜歡她。
8.若是，如果
With your permission, I’ll go. 如蒙你同意我就去。
With more money I would be able to buy it. 錢多一點的話，我就買得起。
9.對，關(guān)于，就…而言：She is very angry with you. 她對你很生氣。
It’s the same with us students. 我們學生也是這樣。
Everything was going well with them. 他們一切都進行得很好。
二、用法提示
1.表示方式、手段或工具等時(=以，用)，注意不要受漢語意思的影響而搭配錯誤，如“用英語”習慣上用in English，而不是with English。
2.與某些抽象名詞連用其作用相當于一個副詞：
with care=carefully 認真地
with kindness=kindly 親切地
with pleasure=pleasedly 高興地
with anger=angrily 生氣地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲傷地
with ease=easily 容易地
with delight=delightedly 高興地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
3.表示條件時，根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語氣連用：
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢多一點，我就買得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設(shè)備好些,我們完成這項工作還要快些。
4.比較 with 和 as：兩者均可表示“隨著”，但前者是介詞，后者是連詞，不可混淆：
He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長，他會進步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時代變了，人們的觀念也會變化。
5.介詞 with 和 to均可表示“對”，但各自的搭配不同，注意不要受漢語意思的影響而用錯，如在 kind, polite, rude, good, married 等形容詞后通常不接介詞 with而接to。
6.復合結(jié)構(gòu)“with+賓語+賓語補足語”是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它在句中主要用作狀語，表示伴隨、原因、時間、條件、方式等；其中的賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等：
I went out with the windows open. 我外出時沒有關(guān)窗戶。
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭站在老師面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時，女兒還是個小學生。
The old man sat there with a basket beside her. 老人坐在那兒，身邊放著一個籃子。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。這類結(jié)構(gòu)也常用于名詞后作定語：
The boy with nothing on is her son. 沒穿衣服的這個男孩子是她兒子。
三、高頻歸納
A. 考查with的基本用法
用適當?shù)慕樵~填空：
1. A family ______ two children lives next door.
2. She shares a house ______ three other nurses.
3. She hit him ______ a rolled-up magazine.
4. Thanks for coming ______ me. I'm really grateful.
5. Just compare the one that has been cleaned ______ the others.
6. Howard walked in ______ two men I’d never seen before.
答案均填with。句意分別為：
1. 帶有兩個孩子的一家人住在隔壁。
2. 她和另外3 名護士合住一座房子。
3. 她把雜志卷起來打他。
4. 謝謝你和我一起來。真的很感激。
5. 只要把清洗過的這個和其他的比較一下。
6. 霍華德和兩個我以前從未見過面的男人一起走了進來。
B. 考查with的引出虛擬語氣
用所給動詞的適當形式填空：
1. He said that the school _____ (make) better use of the money with a little forward thinking.
2. With a little more forethought we _____ (bring) the house we really wanted.
3. I _____ (become) a dangerous man with all that stubbornness and obstinacy built into me.
答案與解析：
1. with表示虛擬條件，時間為過去，故填would have made。句意：他說，學校如果有點兒遠見的話，那筆錢本來可以利用得更好。
2. with表示虛擬條件，時間為過去，故填could have bought，句意：我們當初若是稍微再多考慮一下，也許就能買到我們真正想要的房子了。
3. with表示虛擬條件，時間為過去，故填would have become，句意：我若是養(yǎng)就了那種根深蒂固的犟脾氣，也許就成了危險分子。
C. 考查with在復合結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法
用適當?shù)慕樵~填空：
1. He was wearing a badge _____ his name on.
2. _____ her at the wheel, the company began to prosper.
3. _____ help from a parent, a child can do simple cooking.
4. She was crouched _____ her head forward and her shoulders bent.
5. Michelle had fallen asleep _____ her head against his shoulder.
6. Stand _____ your legs apart and your weight evenly distributed.
7. He was a high-earning broker _____ money to burn.
8. _____ only two days to go we can’t afford to relax.
9. _____ winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
10. _____ four small children running around, the place is a madhouse.
答案均填with（若位于句首要大寫首字母）。句意分別為：
1. 他戴了一枚徽章，上面有他的名字。
2. 有了她當主管, 公司開始興旺起來。
3. 在家長的幫助下，孩子可以做一些簡單的飯菜。
4. 她頭朝前彎著背蜷縮著。
5. 米歇爾睡著了，頭靠在他的肩上。
6. 雙腿分開站立，平均分散身體的重量。
7. 他是高收入的經(jīng)紀人，有花不完的錢。
8. 只有兩天時間了, 我們可不能松懈。
9. 隨著冬天到來，該買暖和衣裳了。
10. 有4個小孩到處亂跑，這個地方亂哄哄的。
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