With的用法與考點(diǎn)

一、基礎(chǔ)用法

1.與…一起，帶著

I live with my parents. 我和父母住在一起。

Who was that with you? (剛才)和你在一起的是誰？

2.具有，持有，隨身帶著

We bought a house with a garden. 我們買了一座帶花園的房子。

He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一個(gè)脾氣暴躁的人。

3.以，用：She covered her ears with her pillow. 她用枕頭蓋住耳朵。

The teacher tested the students with many questions. 老師以許多問題測(cè)驗(yàn)學(xué)生。

4.符合，與…一致

Which dress goes better with these shoes. 哪一件衣服較配這雙鞋？

5.伴隨，隨著

We had coffee with cake. 我們喝咖啡，吃蛋糕。

Times has changed, so we need to change with them. 時(shí)代改變了，所以我們需要隨時(shí)代而改變。

6.為…，因…而

My mother is in bed with a bad cold. 我媽因重感冒臥病在床。

He is tired with work. 他工作做累了。

The baby was crying with hunger. 嬰兒在哭，因?yàn)樗�餓了。

7.盡管，雖然

With all his money, he is unhappy. 盡管他有錢，他并不快樂。

With all her faults, I like her. 盡管她有種種缺點(diǎn)，我還是喜歡她。

8.若是，如果

With your permission, I’ll go. 如蒙你同意我就去。

With more money I would be able to buy it. 錢多一點(diǎn)的話，我就買得起。

9.對(duì)，關(guān)于，就…而言：She is very angry with you. 她對(duì)你很生氣。

It’s the same with us students. 我們學(xué)生也是這樣。

Everything was going well with them. 他們一切都進(jìn)行得很好。

二、用法提示

1.表示方式、手段或工具等時(shí)(=以，用)，注意不要受漢語意思的影響而搭配錯(cuò)誤，如“用英語”習(xí)慣上用in English，而不是with English。

2.與某些抽象名詞連用其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞：

with care=carefully 認(rèn)真地

with kindness=kindly 親切地

with pleasure=pleasedly 高興地

with anger=angrily 生氣地

with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲傷地

with ease=easily 容易地

with delight=delightedly 高興地

with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地

3.表示條件時(shí)，根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語氣連用：

With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢多一點(diǎn)，我就買得起了。

With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設(shè)備好些,我們完成這項(xiàng)工作還要快些。

4.比較 with 和 as：兩者均可表示“隨著”，但前者是介詞，后者是連詞，不可混淆：

He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他會(huì)進(jìn)步的。

People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時(shí)代變了，人們的觀念也會(huì)變化。

5.介詞 with 和 to均可表示“對(duì)”，但各自的搭配不同，注意不要受漢語意思的影響而用錯(cuò)，如在 kind, polite, rude, good, married 等形容詞后通常不接介詞 with而接to。

6.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它在句中主要用作狀語，表示伴隨、原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式等；其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等：

I went out with the windows open. 我外出時(shí)沒有關(guān)窗戶。

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭站在老師面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時(shí)，女兒還是個(gè)小學(xué)生。

The old man sat there with a basket beside her. 老人坐在那兒，身邊放著一個(gè)籃子。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。這類結(jié)構(gòu)也常用于名詞后作定語：

The boy with nothing on is her son. 沒穿衣服的這個(gè)男孩子是她兒子。