英語單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)——冠詞

【考點(diǎn)揭密】在單項(xiàng)填空題中，冠詞考點(diǎn)主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：

1. 不定冠詞表示泛指，或用于表示“又 / 再一”的序數(shù)詞前、以及具體化了的抽象名詞前等。

2. 定冠詞用于表示特指、整個(gè)類別，或用于序數(shù)詞、最高級、樂器名稱、帶介詞的方位名詞、表幾十年代的以ty結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)等前面。

3. 零冠詞用于表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前、表示學(xué)科或語言的名詞前、以及bed, table, school, prison, hospital, church等表示其用途時(shí)。

4. 冠詞總是位于“(形容詞+)名詞”前。但不定冠詞常用于half, such, what, rather, quite, many等后或“how(ever) / so / as / too + adj.”之后；另外，the通常用于both, all, twice等之后。

5. 習(xí)慣或固定搭配中的冠詞。

【應(yīng)試策略】掌握冠詞用法的關(guān)鍵是：記住可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點(diǎn)；熟悉具體名詞與抽象名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律；搞清泛指和特指、類指和專指等概念。

【真題精選】(按考點(diǎn)規(guī)律排列)

1. Jumping out of ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____ exciting experience.

A. 不填, the       B. 不填, an        C. an, an            D. the, the

2. The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have _____third one because _____second one is rather too small.

    A. a; a      B. the; the    C. a; the       D. the; a

3. Our neighbor has ______ours.

A. as a big house as      B. as big a house as 

C. the same big house as  D. a house the same big as

    4. —I’d like _____information about the management of your hotel, please.

    —Well, you could have _____word with the manager. He might be helpful.

    A. some, a    B. an, some     C. some, some     D. an, a

5. The sign reads “In case of ______fire, break the glass and press ______red button.”

A. / ; a    B. / ; the    C. the; the   D. a; a

6. Paper money was in _____use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in____ thirteenth century.

A. the; 不填  B. the; the  C. 不填; the  D. 不填; 不填

7. —Where’s ______nearest bookstore? 

—There’s one at _____ end of the street.

A. the; an    B. a; the      C. the; the     D. a; an

8. It is not rare in _____that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education.

A. 90s; the   B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their   D. the 90s; their

9. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg.

A. a        B. one        C. the        D. his

10. Summer in _____south of France is for ______most part dry and sunny.

A. / , a       B. the, /    C. / , /   D. the, the

11. I don’t like talking on_____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.

A. a; the    B. the; 不填   C. the; the     D. a; 不填

12. Mr Smith, there’s a man at _____ front door who says he has _____ news for you of great importance.

A. the, 不填  B. the, the   C. 不填, 不填  D. 不填, the

13. Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food.

A. the; a   B.不填; a  C. the; the  D.不填; the

14. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a; an       B. the; a             C. an; a              D. an; the

15. Five years ago her brother was ______ university student of _____ physics.

A. a, the       B. an, the     C. an, /  D. a, /

16. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ____.

A. good     B. the best       C. better      D. the better

17. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ______ good knowledge of basic word formation.

A. / B. the     C. a        D. one

18. —Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning.

—Is it _____black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a; the     B. the; the     C. the; a      D. a; a

【真題詳解】

1. C。airplane和experience(經(jīng)歷)都是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，因此，要加不定冠詞。句意為：從一萬英尺高的飛機(jī)里跳出來是一次非常激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷。

2. C。序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞表示順序，用不定冠詞表示“又 / 再一”。句意為：蛋糕很好吃，因?yàn)樗�吃�?B>第二塊太小了，所以他想再吃一塊。

3. B。a / an一般用于“形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”前，但要用于“how / so / as / too + adj.之后”又如How clever a boy! He is so clever a boy. It is too big a stone.

4. A。information是不可數(shù)名詞，排除B和D。have a word with(和某人談一下)是固定短語。這類慣用短詞還有have a cold, have a talk, have a good time, take a message for, go for a walk, keep a record, make a living, as a matter of fact, in a minute, just a minute / moment, once upon a time, as a result, once in a while, in a short while, after a while, in a word等。

5. B。fire 不是特指時(shí)不用冠詞；red button是特指，用the。句意為：那塊牌子上寫著“萬一失火，就打碎這塊玻璃，按那個(gè)紅色按鈕。”

6. C。in use(在使用中)是固定詞組；第二空是在序數(shù)詞前加the，指第十三世紀(jì)。

7. C。第一空是最高級前用the；第二空中at the end of(在…的盡頭或末尾)是固定詞組。the還用于下列固定習(xí)語中at the age of, at the beginning of, by the side of, in the middle of, make the bed, go to the cinema, take the place of, the other day, in the end, on the left / right, all the best, all the time, at the same time, by the way, on the way等。

8. D。表示在幾十年代，在以ty結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞前加the；表示在某人幾十多歲時(shí)，用one’s 加以ty結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞。

9. C。表示打 / 抓 / 拍某人的某個(gè)部位時(shí)，習(xí)慣上在部位名稱前加the。

10. D。在帶介詞的方位名詞前用the；for the most part (多半，大部分)是固定詞組。

11. B。on the telephone是固定習(xí)語；letters是名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指，不用冠詞。

12. A。表示雙方都知道的前門前用the；news是不可數(shù)名詞，不是特指時(shí)不用冠詞。

13. B。animals是名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指，不用冠詞；kind是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，用a表示泛指。此題出自NMET1996中閱讀理解C篇的第1句話：Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind unless they hunt them for food.

14. C。a / an與表度量的詞連用，與per相當(dāng)，意為“(每)一”；表示職業(yè)身份的名詞前用a / an。

15. D。在表示職業(yè)身份的名詞前用不定冠詞，university雖以元音字母開頭，但讀音卻以輔音開始，因此用a。又如，a useful book, a European boy, a one-eyed man等。physics是學(xué)科名詞，前面不用冠詞。

16. D。表示“(兩者中)較…的那一個(gè)”時(shí)，用“the+比較級”。

17. C。knowledge雖是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但卻常用a (good) knowledge of表示“了解 / 懂得 / 熟悉…”。

18. D。兩空均為泛指，用不定冠詞。