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英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)——名詞 |
作者:HMGREEN 文章來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時(shí)間:2019-08-25 文章錄入:admin 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)——名詞 【考點(diǎn)揭密】名詞類考點(diǎn)主要涉及: 1. 不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點(diǎn):(1) 沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式;(2) 前面不可直接用不定冠詞;(3) 可用(a) little, much, a great deal, a lot of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of, some, any等修飾,但不可用(a) few, many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等修飾;(4) 表示數(shù)量時(shí)不可在前面直接加數(shù)詞,而要用a piece of之類的結(jié)構(gòu)。 2. 不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化:(1) 有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時(shí)可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如,fishes, fruits, teas, all weathers;(2) 有些抽象名詞表示具體的事物時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。如,shame / pity(憾事), interest(樂(lè)事), pleasure(樂(lè)事), surprise(意外事), disappointment(令人失望的人或事), success (成功的人或事), difficulty (難事), help (幫手)等;(3) 表示“一場(chǎng) / 段 / 件…”時(shí),要用a(n),此時(shí)一般有形容詞或of短語(yǔ)修飾。如,a fine rain(一陣細(xì)雨),a heavy snow(一場(chǎng)大雪), a long time(很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間);(4) 表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等,可以用a(n)或數(shù)詞修飾,也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如two teas and a coffee(兩杯茶和一杯咖啡);(5) 有的名詞可數(shù)與否由意思而定。如,paper, glass, time, exercise, experience, work, room等;(6) 有些不可數(shù)名詞是無(wú)論什么情況下也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的;即使受形容詞修飾也不能加不定冠詞。如,advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage / luggage, jewellery, clothing等。 3. 名詞的所有格:(1) 有生命的人或物的所有格用’s表示(以s結(jié)尾的名詞后只加’;若是幾個(gè)人共有的,在最后一個(gè)姓名后加’s);有的也可用of表示。如a man’s voice=the voice of a man;(2) 無(wú)生命的東西的所有格一般用of表示。如the leg of the table;(3) 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、天體、國(guó)家或城市等的名詞也用’s表示。如two days’ journey;(4) 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前有指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞等限定詞時(shí),用雙重所有格。如two friends of my father’s。 4.“of + 抽象名詞”的用法:(1) 與形容詞用法相同,在句中可作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ);(2) 在use, value, help, importance, difference等前面,可用little, some, any, no, great, not much等修飾;(3) 有的可用同根形容詞代替,如of great value=very valuable。 5. 名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法:作定語(yǔ)的名詞往往是說(shuō)明中心名詞的材料、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類別等;作定語(yǔ)的名詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但man, woman卻要與所修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致,而sports, sales, clothes, goods只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如a stone bridge, a meeting room, morning exercise, London Airport, a story book,a coffee cup, two women teachers, a sports meet等。 6. 固定搭配中的名詞:如free of charge, do a good deed, learn…by heart, use one’s head, make up one’s mind, take a message for, take the place of, take care of, pay attention to, take part in, play a part / role in, keep in touch with, as a result of, in other words, have a word with等。 7. 在語(yǔ)境中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。 【命題趨勢(shì)】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,從意義相近或拼寫(xiě)相似的幾個(gè)名詞中選出一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。 【應(yīng)試策略】 1. 平時(shí)注意搜集一些意義相相近和拼寫(xiě)相似的詞語(yǔ); 2. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)句子意思和前后搭配,選出正確的選項(xiàng)。 【真題精選】(按考點(diǎn)規(guī)律排列) 1. He gained his _____ by printing _____of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 2. If this dictionary is not yours, _______can it be? A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s 3. You’ll find this map of great ______in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness 4. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______. A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 5. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. —There is no _____for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 6. “I don’t think it’s my _____that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty 7. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _____. A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest 8. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _____. A. energy B. source C. power D. material 9. Those football players had no strict _____until they joined our club. A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training 10. We all know that _____speak louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions 11. My parents always let me have my own _____of living. A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion 12. The new law will come into _____on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence 13. For the sake of(為…著想) her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm _____. A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate 【真題詳解】 1. D。wealth是不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,排除B和C;work作“工作”解是不可數(shù)名詞,但作“作品、著作”解是可數(shù)名詞,可加a,但通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. D。who else的所有格是who else’s。 3. C。of great value (很有作用)與very valuable相當(dāng),在句中作賓補(bǔ)。price價(jià)格, cost費(fèi)用,usefulness不用于of這種結(jié)構(gòu)。 4. A。leave a message留下口信或便條。letter信件, sentence句子, notice通知。 5. B。考查在語(yǔ)境中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。excuse (理由、辯解), reason (原因), cause (原因), explanation (解釋)。 6. C。fault過(guò)失、責(zé)任,mistake錯(cuò)誤, error (指違反一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或道德規(guī)范等方面的)錯(cuò)誤。 7. C。have a little patience有點(diǎn)耐心。 8. A。natural gas (天然氣)和 wind (風(fēng)力)均為“能(源)”,即energy,而不是source(來(lái)源),power(能力、力量),material(材料)。 9. D。運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)當(dāng)是通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練(training)。practice實(shí)踐,education教育,exercise練習(xí)。 10. D。[諺]行動(dòng)勝過(guò)言辭。 11. A。have one’s own way of doing sth(有自已做某事的方法)是慣用句式。 12. A。come into effect (生效)是習(xí)語(yǔ)。 13. D。climate此處意為“地帶”。 |
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