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關(guān)閉窗口 英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空考點(diǎn)——名詞
【考點(diǎn)揭密】名詞類考點(diǎn)主要涉及：
1. 不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點(diǎn)：(1) 沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2) 前面不可直接用不定冠詞；(3) 可用(a) little, much, a great deal, a lot of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of, some, any等修飾，但不可用(a) few, many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等修飾；(4) 表示數(shù)量時(shí)不可在前面直接加數(shù)詞，而要用a piece of之類的結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：(1) 有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時(shí)可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如，fishes, fruits, teas, all weathers；(2) 有些抽象名詞表示具體的事物時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。如，shame / pity(憾事), interest(樂(lè)事), pleasure(樂(lè)事), surprise(意外事), disappointment(令人失望的人或事), success (成功的人或事), difficulty (難事), help (幫手)等；(3) 表示“一場(chǎng) / 段 / 件…”時(shí)，要用a(n)，此時(shí)一般有形容詞或of短語(yǔ)修飾。如，a fine rain(一陣細(xì)雨),a heavy snow(一場(chǎng)大雪), a long time(很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間)；(4) 表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或數(shù)詞修飾，也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如two teas and a coffee(兩杯茶和一杯咖啡)；(5) 有的名詞可數(shù)與否由意思而定。如，paper, glass, time, exercise, experience, work, room等；(6) 有些不可數(shù)名詞是無(wú)論什么情況下也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的；即使受形容詞修飾也不能加不定冠詞。如，advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage / luggage, jewellery, clothing等。
3. 名詞的所有格：(1) 有生命的人或物的所有格用’s表示(以s結(jié)尾的名詞后只加’；若是幾個(gè)人共有的，在最后一個(gè)姓名后加’s)；有的也可用of表示。如a man’s voice=the voice of a man；(2) 無(wú)生命的東西的所有格一般用of表示。如the leg of the table；(3) 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、天體、國(guó)家或城市等的名詞也用’s表示。如two days’ journey；(4) 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前有指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞等限定詞時(shí)，用雙重所有格。如two friends of my father’s。
4.“of + 抽象名詞”的用法：(1) 與形容詞用法相同，在句中可作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；(2) 在use, value, help, importance, difference等前面，可用little, some, any, no, great, not much等修飾；(3) 有的可用同根形容詞代替，如of great value=very valuable。
5. 名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法：作定語(yǔ)的名詞往往是說(shuō)明中心名詞的材料、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類別等；作定語(yǔ)的名詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但man, woman卻要與所修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致，而sports, sales, clothes, goods只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如a stone bridge, a meeting room, morning exercise, London Airport, a story book，a coffee cup, two women teachers, a sports meet等。
6. 固定搭配中的名詞：如free of charge, do a good deed, learn…by heart, use one’s head, make up one’s mind, take a message for, take the place of, take care of, pay attention to, take part in, play a part / role in, keep in touch with, as a result of, in other words, have a word with等。
7. 在語(yǔ)境中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。
【命題趨勢(shì)】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，從意義相近或拼寫相似的幾個(gè)名詞中選出一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。
【應(yīng)試策略】
1. 平時(shí)注意搜集一些意義相相近和拼寫相似的詞語(yǔ)；
2. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句子意思和前后搭配，選出正確的選項(xiàng)。
【真題精選】(按考點(diǎn)規(guī)律排列)
1. He gained his _____ by printing _____of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
2. If this dictionary is not yours, _______can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
3. You’ll find this map of great ______in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
4. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
5. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no _____for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
6. “I don’t think it’s my _____that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty
7. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _____.
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
8. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _____.
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
9. Those football players had no strict _____until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
10. We all know that _____speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
11. My parents always let me have my own _____of living.
A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion
12. The new law will come into _____on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
13. For the sake of(為…著想) her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm _____.
A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate
【真題詳解】
1. D。wealth是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除B和C；work作“工作”解是不可數(shù)名詞，但作“作品、著作”解是可數(shù)名詞，可加a，但通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. D。who else的所有格是who else’s。
3. C。of great value (很有作用)與very valuable相當(dāng)，在句中作賓補(bǔ)。price價(jià)格, cost費(fèi)用，usefulness不用于of這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. A。leave a message留下口信或便條。letter信件, sentence句子, notice通知。
5. B。考查在語(yǔ)境中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。excuse (理由、辯解), reason (原因), cause (原因), explanation (解釋)。
6. C。fault過(guò)失、責(zé)任，mistake錯(cuò)誤, error (指違反一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或道德規(guī)范等方面的)錯(cuò)誤。
7. C。have a little patience有點(diǎn)耐心。
8. A。natural gas (天然氣)和 wind (風(fēng)力)均為“能(源)”，即energy，而不是source(來(lái)源)，power(能力、力量)，material(材料)。
9. D。運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)當(dāng)是通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練(training)。practice實(shí)踐，education教育，exercise練習(xí)。
10. D。［諺］行動(dòng)勝過(guò)言辭。
11. A。have one’s own way of doing sth(有自已做某事的方法)是慣用句式。
12. A。come into effect (生效)是習(xí)語(yǔ)。
13. D。climate此處意為“地帶”。
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