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六類用作從屬連詞的名詞結構
作者：彭 友（湖南）
來源：《第二課堂（高中版）》，2007年第01期（第31-33頁)
英語中有些名詞結構可用作從屬連詞，用以引導狀語從句，且主要是時間狀語從句。這類結構歸納起來有以下六類：
一、the + 瞬間名詞
其中的瞬間名詞主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等，其意為“一……就……”，相當于as soon as。如：
The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他對她一見傾心。
I’ll telephone the minute there’s any change. 一有變更我立即用電話通知。
Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一有結果，馬上給我打電話。
I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡著了。
She put down the receiver the second she recognized my voice. 她一聽出是我的聲音，馬上就放下電話聽筒。
注：其中的瞬間名詞后可接that，也可省略。另外，有的個別副詞（如directly / immediately等）也可表示類似意思。如：
Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio. 飯一吃完他就把收音機打開。
二、the + 季節名詞
其中的季節名詞包括spring, summer, autumn, winter，其意為“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。如：
His wife left him the spring he went abroad. 在他出國的那年春天，他的妻子離開了他。
He sold his house and went to the south the summer he lost his job. 在他失業的那年夏天，他賣掉房子去了南方。
He was sent to prison the winter his third daughter was born. 在他第三個女兒出生的那年冬天，他被關進了監獄。
She got married the autumn she graduated from college. 她大學畢業的那年秋天就結婚了。
三、the+時間名詞
其中的時間名詞主要包括hour, day, night, week, month, season, year等，其意為“在……的時候、那天、那個晚上、那周、那個月、那個季節、那年”。如：
The hour he was in her office, he felt very sad. 當他在她辦公室的時候，他感到很傷心。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 他回家的那一天，他的父親已經死了。
The night I went to see her, she had left for
Mr Smith didn't go to work the week his wife was ill. 史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那個星期沒去上班。
The year he lived in the country, he learned a lot. 他在鄉下呆的那一年，他學到了不少東西。
四、the +序數詞+time
其中的序數詞包括first, second, third, fourth等，其意為“當第幾次……的時候”。如：
My girlfriend beat me at poker the first time we played. 我頭一次和女朋友打撲克，她就把我贏了。
The second time I saw her, she looked like an old woman. 我第二次見到她時，她看上去像一個老太婆。
The third time I went there, I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty. 我第三次去那兒時，我發現他們都離開了，所有的辦公室都是空的。
注：1. next, last也具有類似序數詞的性質，因此也具有以上用法。如：
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進來，請關門。
The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我們談話時他說他還需要兩天。
2. the first time, the second time, the third time 等用作連詞引導時間狀語從句時，其前通常要有定冠詞，而 (the) next time, (the) last time引導狀語從句時，其中的冠詞可以省略，如下面這道上海高考題，其答案是C，不是A：
I thought her nice and honest______ I met her. (www.hz123456.com)
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
五、不定代詞+ time
其中的不定代詞主要包括each, every, any等。如：
Every time I ring her, the phone is engaged. 我每次給她打電話，電話都占線。
Every time I see him he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money. 每次我見到他，他不是向我訴苦，就是要向我借錢。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。
Any time you come to
注意：every time, each time, any time用作連詞引導狀語從句時其前習慣上不用冠詞，它與the first time, the second time, the third time 等引導時間狀語從句時其前必須要用定冠詞不同。
六、其他名詞結構
以上歸納的名詞結構均用于引導時間狀語從句，有些其他結構還可引導其他性質的狀語從句，如the way 可用于引導方式狀語從句，表示“像……一樣”。如：
The didn’t do it the way we do now. 那時他們不像我們現在這樣行事。
Joyce looked at me the way a lot of girls did. 喬伊絲像許多姑娘那樣瞧著我。
注：這樣用的the way與as用法相似。如：
Hold it in both hands, the way (=as) Mummy does. 用兩只手捧住，像媽媽那樣。
（責任編輯 陳根花）
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