涉及省略的幾類典型陷阱

省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息而省略句中的一個或者幾個句子成分并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。在語言應(yīng)用中，尤其在對話中，是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。在英語考試中，也經(jīng)常會采用微型語境的方法，使用省略手段來設(shè)計考試陷阱，增加考試的難度。在考試陷阱中，所涉及的省略情況一般有：詞的省略、句子成分的省略、多個成分的同時省略等。

一、承前省略陷阱

所謂承前省略指的是當(dāng)前后兩句結(jié)構(gòu)相同時，通常可將后一結(jié)構(gòu)與前一結(jié)構(gòu)相同的部分省略，從而使句子更簡潔。一般說來，這種省略考生是可以根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確理解的，但是，當(dāng)這種省略與其他英語句型相似并很容易發(fā)生混淆時，就可能讓張冠李戴，步入誤區(qū)。如果命題者剛好抓住這一點(diǎn)來巧妙設(shè)題，就很可能構(gòu)成有一定難度的陷阱題。如：

1.—What should I do with this passage?

— _________ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out          B. Found out              C. Find out       D. To find out

【分析】答案選C。很容易誤選A或D，誤認(rèn)為這是考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)問句可知，完整的答語應(yīng)是You should find out…，此處是承前省略了You should，所以就是Find out。

2. My friend Mary is _________ beautiful girl and _________ girl everyone likes to work with.

A. a, a                     B. a, the                    C. the, a                  D. the, the

【分析】此題很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一次提到 girl 用不定冠詞，第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但其實(shí)最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到 girl 時并不是特指的，此句實(shí)為一省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 請再看兩道題(答案選A)：

(1) Jim is _________ brave boy and _________ boy never fearing anything.

A. a, a                     B. a, the                    C. the, a                  D. the, the

(2) It is really _________ useful dictionary and _________ dictionary every one of us needs.

A. a, a                     B. a, the                    C. the, a                  D. the, the

3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_________ she was a woman.”

A. /                         B. When                   C. That                    D. What

【分析】此題最佳答案選C。that用以引導(dǎo)主語從句(此that不可省略)，其后的謂語和賓語等被省略，若補(bǔ)充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard. 下面兩題答案選A，理由同上：

(1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed driving test.”

A. That                    B. 不填                   C. Since                    D. For

(2) “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”

A. Where                 B. When                  C. That                     D. What

4. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.

A. not, not               B. no, no                 C. not, no                  D. no, not

【分析】此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not. 為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go 之省略。全句意為“如果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡潔起見, 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。又如：

If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。

If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就會成功；你若不努力，你就不會成功。

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