反身代詞用法歸納

一、反身代詞的基本形式

反身代詞是 oneself根據所指詞的人稱、性別、單復數等的變化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。

二、oneself與himself

當one指人時，其相應的反身代詞通常用oneself, 在美國英語中也可用himself：

One should not praise oneself [himself].  一個人不應該自吹自擂。

三、反身代詞的句法功能：

1. 用作同位語(加強被修飾詞的語氣，緊放在被修飾名詞后, 或句末)：

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

Martin himself attended the sick man. 馬丁親自照顧病人。

Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必費神親自來了。

You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是這樣說的。

Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己該做的事留給別人做。

2. 用作賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)：

Take good care of yourself. 照顧好自己。

He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權為自己做出決定。

He made no complaint for himself. 他沒為自己抱怨什么。

She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。

She could not make herself understood. 她不能使別人聽懂她的話。

Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在內所有人都患上流感。

The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭著哭著睡著了。

She convinced herself that it was so. 她說服自己情況是這樣的。

He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一兩把手槍用來自衛。

3. 用作表語

The poor boy was myself. 那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。

The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我們自己。

【說明】有時用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表語表示身體或精神處于正常狀態：

I’m not quite myself these days. 我近來身體不大舒服。

I’ll be myself again in no time. 我過一會兒就會好的。

4. 用作主語。在現代英語中，反身代詞一般不能獨立用作主語，但是它卻可以借助 and, or, nor 等連詞與其他名詞一起構成并列主語(且位于并列主語的后部)，以及用于某些特殊結構(如as...as等)：

My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那兒。

Jim’s sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6點起床。

He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一樣擔心。