with+賓語+非謂語動詞

請看下面兩道考題，均考查“with+賓語+非謂語動詞”結構：

1. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work _________ my mind, I almost break down.

A. filled                     B. filling                  C. to fill                   D. being filled

2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _________, he gladly accepted it.

A. finished                 B. finishing              C. having finished      D. was finished

以上兩題答案分別為B和A，均考查“with+賓語+非謂語動詞”結構。該結果中的“非謂語動詞”可以是不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞，它們在用法上的區別如下：

一、用不定式：通常指不定式所表示的動作尚未發生或在當時看來尚未發生。如：

The person with the most to lose is the director. 損失最大的是主任。

With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out. 有這么多工作要做，我就沒有時間出去了。

With such good cardres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好干部執行黨的政策，我們感到放心。

In the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 下午沒事我就去逛書店。

二、用現在分詞：指動作正在進行或在當時看來已是一種在持續的狀態。如：

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 燈還亮著他很快就睡著了。

The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天氣晴朗吹著一股清風。

We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning overhead. 我們走進一個大候診室，頭上有一個大電扇運轉著。

The ocean looks very beautiful with the moonlight glimmering on its surface. 海洋真美，月光在海面上閃爍。

Parks come alive with people picnicking, taking walks, rowing boats or swimming, while the quieter ones sit on the benches enjoying the flower scents in the breeze. 公園里很熱鬧，有的人在吃野餐、散步、劃船或游泳，那些愛清靜的人則坐在長凳上嗅著風中的花香。

注：正如進行時態有時可以表示將來意義一樣，有時“with+賓語+非謂語動詞”中的“現在分詞”也可表示將來意義。如：

With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天就要到了，該買暖和衣裳了。

三、用過去分詞：指與其前的名詞或代詞為被動關系。如：

She sat with her head bent. 她低著頭坐在那里。

I dare you to run across the road with your eyes shut. 我量你不敢閉著眼睛跑過馬路。

They held him with his arms pinned to his side. 他們抓住了他，把他的胳膊按在肋部。

1978 ended with nothing settled. 在一切懸而未決的情況下1978年結束了。

He painted her sitting with her hands folded. 他畫她坐著手叉在胸前。

【現學現用】

1. With so much work _________, I can’t go to the movies.

A. to do                 B. doing                 C. be doing              D. done

2. I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother _________.

A. to be ill              B. being ill              C. been ill                D. to being ill

3. With the crowds _________, the royal party drove to the palace.

A. cheering            B. to cheer              C. being cheered      D. cheered

4. All the afternoon he worked with the door _________.

A. to lock               B. locked                C. being locked        D. locking

5. He came back with a basket _________ with fresh fruit.

A. filled                  B. to fill                  C. filling                  D. being filled

6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_________.

A. going on             B. goes on              C. went on              D. to go on

【參考答案】ABABAA