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關(guān)閉窗口 四、語法分析法
英語中有些省略是由特定的語法現(xiàn)象造成的，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)首先要確定句子的省略涉及什么語法結(jié)構(gòu)或語法現(xiàn)象等，然后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的語法知識(shí)來分析作答。如：
1. “Who has eaten all the cake, Jim?” “Oh, _______ must your two pet dogs.”
A. it B. they C. that D. which
分析：許多同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為此題應(yīng)選B，因?yàn)槠浜蟮?/SPAN>your two pet dogs為復(fù)數(shù)。但實(shí)際上，此題的最佳答案就是A，不僅涉及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型這一考點(diǎn)，而且是其省略形式，此句若補(bǔ)充完整，即為：It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake.
2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget
分析：此題最佳答案為A。考查had better后接動(dòng)詞原形的用法。但是考題中將you had better這一結(jié)構(gòu)省略成better，致使許多同學(xué)一時(shí)看不出來。又如：
Better go with him. 最好同他一起去。
Better have the operation right now. 你最好還是現(xiàn)在就動(dòng)手術(shù)。
3. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer _____, thank you.”
A. not to B. to not C. not D. can’t
分析：答案選A，I’d prefer not to 為 I’d prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意，在該省略結(jié)構(gòu)中，用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。請(qǐng)看類例：
(1) “Shall I give the dog a chocolate?” “It’s better _____.”
A. not to B. to not C. don’t D. can’t
答案選A，為It’s better not to give the dog a chocolate 之省略。注意，不定式的否定式要將not 置于不定式符號(hào)to 之前，而不是之后。
(2) I would mend your radio, but I don’t know _____.
A. how B. to C. how to D. to how
答案選C，為 but I don’t know how to mend it 之省略。
五、邏輯推斷法
有的省略試題難度比較大，不僅涉及語法知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等，而且還要求考生根據(jù)題干所提供的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理。如：
1. She’s too thin. She _____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.
A. would, ate B. will, eats C. would, eats D. will, ate
分析：此題有些難度，許多同學(xué)不知如何分析。我們先根據(jù)題目所提供的選項(xiàng)將句意大致勾出來：她太瘦了。她會(huì)增加體重的，但她吃得太少了。根據(jù)句首 She’s too thin 這一所給信息可知，“她瘦”應(yīng)是客觀事實(shí)。按照一般的常識(shí)，“吃得少”就會(huì)引致“瘦”，“吃得多”就會(huì)導(dǎo)致“胖”，由于根據(jù)句首的信息，“她瘦”是客觀事實(shí)，所以她“吃得少”也應(yīng)是事實(shí)，所以第二空應(yīng)填 eats(即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí))。根據(jù)上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均為客觀事實(shí)，那么“她體重會(huì)增加”就應(yīng)是假設(shè)(注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but)，所以第一空應(yīng)填 would。其實(shí)，此句可理解為but前省略了一個(gè)條件狀語 if she ate more (如果她多吃一點(diǎn)的話)。所以，此題最佳答案選C。
2. “Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” “_____.”
A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really
分析：答案選B，答句是對(duì)針對(duì) You never sleep in class, do you? 這一問句來回答的，Yes, sometimes 為 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略，其意為“不，上課有時(shí)睡覺”。若選其余幾項(xiàng)，均會(huì)導(dǎo)致邏輯不通。請(qǐng)看類例：
“You’ve never been to the village, have you?” “_____. It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen.”
A. No, never B. No, I have C. No, only once D. Yes, only once
分析：答案選D，Yes, only once 為 Yes, I have. But I’ve been there only once. 之省略，句意為“不，我去過，但只去過一次”。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen 表明“我”去過那兒，所以不能選A。
（編輯 陳根花）
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