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獨立主格結構的基本形式是“名詞或代詞+形容詞（副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞等）”。本文主要歸納“名詞或代詞+非謂語動詞”這一結構的用法。
1. 名詞或代詞+不定式
其中的不定式通常表示尚未發生或即將要發生的動作。如：
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會成功的。
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我們分了工，他擦窗戶，我掃地。
2. 名詞或代詞+現在分詞
其中的現在分詞通常表示動作正在進行（或當時正在進行）。如：
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑來，秀發在風中飄揚著。
We explored the caves, Peter acting as a guide. 由彼得作向導，我們探查了那些洞穴。
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。
注：有時現在分詞不表示進行，而表示一般情況。如：
Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他們的房間在三層樓上，窗戶俯視著操場。
3. 名詞或代詞+過去分詞
其中的過去分詞通常表示被動意義。如：
Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都來幫忙，約翰也不例外。
All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 積蓄全部用完了，我們就開始找工作。
This done, they next set to clean the room. 做完這件事之后，他們接下來就開始清理房間。
She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝視著，雙手叉在胸前。
【現學現用】
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
2. All things _________, I think we ought to give the job to George.
A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. being considered
3. The river _________ in the night, the crossing was impossible.
A. to rise B. rose C. having risen D. being risen
4. More time _________, we should have done the job much better.
A. to give B. give C. being given D. given
5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _________.
A. permets B. permitting C. to permit D. permitted
6. The monitor _________ ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
A. being B. to be C. been D. to have been
7. An important lecture _________ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
A. to be B. being C. been D. to have been
8. He was lying on the grass, his hands _________ under his head.
A. to cross B. crossed C. crossing D. to be crossing
9. Tom _________ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.
A. having been B. been C. to be D. to being
10. Other things _________ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one.
A. being B. to be C. been D. having been
【參考答案】1—5 CACDB 6—10 AABAA
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