也談that和which的用法區(qū)別

在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞 which 和 that 都可指物，一般情況下，可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意：

■只能用that而不能用which的情形

(1)  當(dāng)先行詞為：all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 thing 所組成的復(fù)合單詞時(shí)，只能用that。如：

There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 沒(méi)有事情會(huì)阻止我們進(jìn)步。

(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。如：

This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 這是我們不能解決的唯一的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

(3) 當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。如：

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的書。

(4) 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)，只能用that。如：

Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認(rèn)為我們所熟識(shí)的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。

(5) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用that。如：

This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上周以來(lái)我一直在尋找的書。

(6)  當(dāng)主句是以 which 開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，只能用 that。如：

Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天畫的那張畫是哪一張？

■只能用which而不能用that的情形

(1) 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用 which。如：

The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那個(gè)鉛筆盒，我上周買的，現(xiàn)在不見了。

(2) 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which。如：

The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我們過(guò)去常在下面休息的那棵樹已砍掉了。

(3) 先行詞為代詞 that 或 that 所修飾時(shí)，只能用 which。如：

I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴的那一個(gè)。