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過去完成時用法詳解 |
作者:gramhw 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數 更新時間:2008-12-05 文章錄入:admin 責任編輯:admin |
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過去完成時用法詳解 ■基本用法 過去完成時由“had+動詞的過去分詞”構成。主要表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經完成了的動作,即“過去的過去”。如: The weather was worse than I had expected. 天氣比我預料的要糟。 When I turned around, the boy had disappeared. 我一轉身男孩就不見了。 He said he had come in through the window 他說他是從窗戶進來的。 有時表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續到另一過去時刻的動作或狀態。跟現在完成時一樣,也常與how long, for three days等表示一段時間的一類狀語連用。如: He asked how long I had lived there. 他問我在那兒住過多久。 ■與一般過去時的比較 從用法上看,一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或存在的狀態,而過去完成時則表示過去某一時間以前(即過去的過去)發生的動作或存在的狀態。但是,當幾個過去的動作用and, then, but等連接,且按照動作發生的先后順序表達時,幾個動作均可用一般過去。如: He got up, washed his face, and went out. 他起床后就洗臉,然后就出門了。 請比較下面兩句: I bought a lighter, but lost it the next day.作比較。 I lost the lighter I had bought the day before. 我遺失了前天買的打火機。 另外,由after, before, as soon as 等連詞引導時間狀語從句,由于這些連詞已經清楚地表明了主從句謂語動詞的先后順序,所以對于先發生的動作也可用一般過去時表示。如: I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把這消息告訴了他們。 ■表示未曾實現的想法 表示想法或打算的動詞,如hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的過去完成時,后接不定式to do時,可以表示未曾實現的想法,即“本想做某事(但卻沒做)”。如: I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on. 我本想禮拜—走的,但又留下了。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我們本想早回來的,但他們不讓我們走。 ■使用過去完成時的句式 有的句式的謂語動詞習慣上要用過去完成時。如: Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他剛到她就抱怨起來。(hardly…when…句式的主語通常要用過去完成時) I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我剛把門關上就有人敲門。(no sooner…than…句式的主語通常要用過去完成時) It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog. 這是他第一次被狗咬。(it was the first time…句式的從句謂語通常要用過去完成時) |
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