【答】until表示時間,既是介詞,又是連詞,意思是“到……為止;在……之前”,說明動作持續的時間。有些人總是把not和until 放在一起,認為它們原本是一個固定的句型,其實并非如此。很多情況下,until前面是不用not的,例如:
They worked until late into the night. 他們一直工作到深夜。
She lived here until 2010. 她住在這兒一直到2010年。
謂語動詞具有延續概念時,像worked,lived可以用否定,也可以不用否定,但意思有差別。只有表示瞬間概念的動詞如arrive, leave, finish, stop, get off等表示“動作一旦發生就結束”,跟until連用才加not。請記住:在任何時候,你把until當作before來理解就行,也不管動詞是延續還是非延續,也不管句中有沒有not。例如:
Please stay here until they come back. 在他們回來之前,請你一直呆在這兒。
We waited until the ambulance arrived. 我們一直等到救護車來。
Don't get off the bus until it stops. 在車停下來之前不要下車。(意味著:一直到車停下才可下車。)
It didn’t stop raining until the end of last month. 在上月底之前,雨從未停止。(意味著:直到上月底雨才停下來。)
關于not…until…的倒裝句和強調句:
【原句】I did not realize my mistake until they had a heart-to-heart talk with me. 直到他們跟我推心置腹的交談,我才意識到自己的錯誤。
【倒裝句】Not until you had a heart-to-heart talk with me did I realize my mistake.
【強調句】It wasn’t until you had a heart-to-heart talk with me that I realized my mistake.
注意,until只能用于談論時間。談論地點或位置時應用as far as 或 up to:
Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village.(那么你會坐我們的車一直坐到那個村莊。)
We walked up to the red flag on top of the mountain.(我們一直走到山頂上紅旗所在的地方)。
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