■簡單地說:got 和 gotten 都是 get 的過去分詞,但 got 主要用于英國英語,gotten 主要用于美國英語(而且主要見于口語或非正式文體,在書面語和正式語言中人們仍傾向于用 got 作過去分詞)。
■have got 和 have gotten 在意義上有兩種可能:一是構成動詞 get 的完成式(現在完成時、過去完成時以及情態動詞后接的完成式),二是表示“有”“擁有”之類的意思。
1. 用于get的完成式用法
△從他的角度來看,他本應得到這份工作。
英:From his standpoint, he should have got the job.
美:From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job.
△他們一定是迷路了,否則現在他們應該到了。
英:They must have got lost or they’d be here by now.
美:They must have gotten lost or they’d be here by now.
△如果今天早上我起來早一點,我可能不會遲到。
英:If I had got up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
美:If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
2. 表示“有”“擁有”等的用法:
(1) 表示“有”“擁有”:
△我身上沒有錢。
英:I have (got) no money with me / on me.
美:I have (gotten) no money with me / on me.
△真幸運,湯姆有一輛汽車。
英:It’s lucky that Tom has (got) a car.
美:It’s lucky that Tom has (gotten) a car.
(2) 表示“有…要(做)”“必須(做)”:
△今晚我有很多事要做。
英:I have (got) a lot of things to do tonight.
美:I have (gotten) a lot of things to do tonight.
(3)(用于代替 there is, 表示某事物存在或發生了某事):
△有兩位房客和他同住。
英:He has (got) two tenants living with him.
美:He has (gotten) two tenants living with him.
■表示“獲得”“使役”時,仍是英國英語用 got,美國英語用 gotten。用 got 的例子就不說了,因為這樣的用法,書上到處都是。下面舉兩個美國英語用 gotten 的例子:
From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job. 從他的角度來看,他本應獲得這份工作的。——摘自《美國傳統英漢雙解學習詞典》
He used his credit card too freely and has gotten himself into a fix with high payments. 他的信用卡用的太隨意了,結果自己陷入了要支付高額款項地困境。——摘自《當代美國英語學習詞典》
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2013/5/27 17:04:16 |