一、問題解說
Standing on the ground is a wrinkled old man. 是倒裝句,但值得注意的是,置于句首的Standing on the ground不是表語,而謂語的一部分。換句話說,句首的Standing on the ground是與其后is構成現在進行時的現在分詞短語。其正常詞序為:A wrinkled old man is standing on the ground.
二、關于動詞的-ing形式作表語
英語中動詞的-ing形式作表語有兩種可能:
一種情況是-ing形式用于表示主語的性質或特征等,此時的-ing形式就是傳統語法中的現在分詞(但通常都轉化成了形容詞)。如:
The plot was interesting. 情節很有趣。
His conduct was disgusting. 他的行為令人厭惡。
The movie was boring. 這電影使人厭煩。
The monster was frightening. 那怪物很可怕。
Her letter was touching. 她的信很感人。
The situation was puzzling. 形勢令人迷惑不解。
The picture is not altogether discouraging. 形勢并不完全令人泄氣。
另一種情況是-ing形式與句子主語具有“等價”特點,用于表示主語與表語可以劃等號,此時的-ing形式就是傳統語法中的動名詞。如:
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任務是看羊。
His favourite occupation is reading. 他的業余愛好是看書。
My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳。
Her suggestion was having our conversation in French. 她的建議是我們用法語交談。
三、關于謂語的一部分置于句首構成的倒裝
根據英語語法,有時為了強調,可將謂語部分的現在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首,從而構成倒裝。以下內容摘自由本人主編的《高中英語語法詳解》(湖南大學出版社):
(1) 現在分詞置于句首時引出的倒裝:
Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
Leading to the park is a very delightful road. 通向公園去的是一條非常宜人的道路。
(2) 過去分詞置于句首時引出的倒裝:
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。
有時置于句首的過去分詞可能已轉化為形容詞,為句子的表語。如:
Seated on the grass are some students singing and laughing. 一些學生坐在草地上,唱著、笑著。
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 他們能夠對中國人民為所欲為的日子一去不復返了。
(3) 不定式置于句首時引出的倒裝:
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。
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