有這樣一句話，It was a glorious spring night, with a great full moon gleaming in a purply sky.

這個介詞with引導的介詞短語在整句話中擔任什么成分呢？ 是表語補足語還是狀語表伴隨呢？

你問的這個問題屬于with的復合結構。英語中不存在表語補足語的說法，根據它與主句的關系判斷，作狀語不假，但不應看作伴隨狀語，而是原因狀語。

“with復合結構”也是獨立主格結構的一種，在句中表示“原因，結果，伴隨，方式”等情況�，F把“with復合結構”的各種情況作一總結。　　

(1) with + 賓語 + 形容詞　　

The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴隨）　　

(2) with + 賓語 + 介詞短語　　

The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式）　　

(3) with + 賓語 + 副詞　　

The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式）　　

(4) with + 賓語 + 現在分詞　　

Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. （表原因）　　

(5) with + 賓語 + 過去分詞　　

If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式）　　

(6) with + 賓語 + 不定式　　

With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. （表原因）　　

一般說來，with 復合結構放在句末多表示伴隨狀況；若放在句首，則多表示“原因”或“條件”，例如：　　

With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她媽媽不在家，這個女孩感到很孤單。　　

With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因為向導帶路，我沒怎么費事就找到了他們的村子。