In PSO dynamics, a swarm of particles (or agents), each representing a potential solution to
the optimization problem at hand, navigates through the search space.

句中的each representing a potential solution to the optimization problem at hand充當什么句子成分？

In PSO dynamics, a swarm of particles (or agents), each representing a potential solution to the optimization problem at hand, navigates through the search space.

句子成分分析如下：

In PSO dynamics：地點狀語。

a swarm of particles (or agents)：句子主語部分。

navigates through the search space：句子謂語部分。

each representing a potential solution to the optimization problem at hand：獨立主格結構（邏輯主語each + 現在分詞短語），作伴隨狀語。