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1992年考研翻譯題及參考答案

Part B

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)

“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.

33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. 34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. 35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.(www.nmet168.com)

31. 人們對智力這個詞所指的各種表現意見比較一致，而對這些表現的解釋或分類則有不同的看法。

32. 批評智力測試不反映上述情況，就猶如批評溫度計不測風速一樣。

33. 既然對智力的評估是比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對我們的對象進行比較時，我們所使用的尺度能提供有效的或公平的比較。
34. 如果從智力方面進行任何比較的話，那么對所有的被比較者來說，前兩個因素必須是一樣的。

35. 總的來說，得出這種結論是有一定把握的，但前提是必須兩個假定成立：這個孩子對測試的態度和與他相比較的孩子對測試的態度相同；他沒有因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。

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