獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法說(shuō)明與注意點(diǎn)

一、有關(guān)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的基本概念

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語(yǔ)），加上一個(gè)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等在句中作狀語(yǔ)。它有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。

2. 名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。

二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)形式

1. 名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞

The question being settled, we went home. 問(wèn)題解決之后，我們就回家了。

We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假設(shè)天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行比賽。

The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班長(zhǎng)病了，我們最好還是延期開(kāi)會(huì)吧。

2. 名詞（代詞）+過(guò)去分詞

The job finished, we went home. 工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公車已經(jīng)走了，我們必須走路回家。

More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)把工作做得更好。

3. 名詞（代詞）+不定式

Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天沒(méi)有人來(lái)，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周。

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人來(lái)幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。

4. 名詞（代詞）+介詞短語(yǔ)

The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。

A girl came in, book in hand. 一個(gè)少女進(jìn)來(lái)了，手里拿著書(shū)。

He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。

5. 名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半開(kāi)著。

She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣領(lǐng)已解掉，頭低了下來(lái)，拿好鋼筆，準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一封長(zhǎng)信。

6. There being +名詞（代詞）

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒(méi)有別的事可做，我們就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒(méi)有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會(huì)。

7. It being +名詞（代詞）

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門(mén)了。

比較：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與由介詞 with 引出的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Don’t sleep with the windows open. 別開(kāi)著窗睡覺(jué)。

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭站在老師面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿著一本書(shū)走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒(méi)熄燈就睡著了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因?yàn)閶寢層胁。�我無(wú)法去度假。

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門(mén)在房里工作。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無(wú)法出去了。

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