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非謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞being...結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法功能及用法說明

being 既可以是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也可以是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中所謂的現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞)。作為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，主要用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(含被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))；作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其用法則比較復(fù)雜，可用于引出短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。

一、being 用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1. being 為助動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法

當(dāng) being 為助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的 being 主要與過去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

I'm always being criticized. 我總是挨批。

He is being interviewed now. 他現(xiàn)在正在接受面試。

He is being met at the station tonight. 今晚有人去車站迎接他。

2. being 為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法

當(dāng) being 為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的 being 主要與形容詞連用，表示臨時(shí)特征或暫時(shí)現(xiàn)象。如：

You’re being stupid. 你真傻。

You are not being very polite. 你可是不大客氣呀。

Your brother is being very annoying this evening. 你兄弟今晚很煩人。

二、being 用作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1. being 為助動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法

(1) being...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。如：

Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一種很可怕的經(jīng)歷。

Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代價(jià)是不管你走到哪里，都會(huì)被人認(rèn)出來。

(2) being...結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。如：

He can't stand being kept waiting. 讓他等著，他可不干。

Do you like being stared at? 你愿意人家盯著你看嗎?

(3) being...結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：

I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察帶走。

I found myself being drawn into another dreary argument. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)竟然身不由己又參與了一次無聊的爭(zhēng)論。

It’s interesting (for children) to see a house being built. (孩子們)看造房子是挺有趣的事。

(4) being...結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)。如：

Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看見那個(gè)男孩受到警察的盤問了嗎?

We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我們要減少砍伐的樹的數(shù)量。

(5) being...結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。如：

Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 給了她這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，她立刻抓住。

Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顧，身體恢復(fù)得很快。

注：有時(shí) being 可帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))。如：

The question being settled, we went home. 問題解決之后，我們就回家了。

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