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過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法說(shuō)明

1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)與用法

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，主要表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的事情(尤其用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)：

He told us he would help us. 他告訴我們他會(huì)幫助我們。

I knew you would agree. 我當(dāng)時(shí)就知道你會(huì)同意的。

【注】在一定的語(yǔ)境中也可于其他從句或句子中：

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 這時(shí)是六點(diǎn)鐘。太陽(yáng)即將落山。

2. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間的表示方法

除“would+動(dòng)詞原形”外，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還有以下常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式：

(1) 用was (were) going to表示。表示過(guò)去某時(shí)準(zhǔn)備做某事：

Marsha was going to come with us. 瑪莎準(zhǔn)備和我們一道去。

I was going to leave when he came in. 他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)我正要離開(kāi)。

【注】was going to在一定的上下文中有時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算：

She was going to attend the concert last night, but she was too busy. 她昨晚本想去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的，但她太忙了。

(2) 用was (were) about+不定式表示。表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)正要做某事：

I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正要睡覺(jué)，他來(lái)看我了。

(3) 用于was (were) due to表示。表示定于過(guò)去某時(shí)將要做某事：

They were due to leave at ten o’clock. 他們定于十點(diǎn)出發(fā)。

(4) 用“was (were)+不定式”表示。表示定于過(guò)去某時(shí)將要做某事：

He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他約定和她10點(diǎn)鐘在街上見(jiàn)面。

【注】若表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)(或被取消)的計(jì)劃，則用was (were) to+動(dòng)詞完成式：

We were to have left at 6 last night. 我們本來(lái)計(jì)劃昨晚6點(diǎn)離開(kāi)的。