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不定式被動(dòng)式的用法

一、基本形式

不定式被動(dòng)式的基本形式為to be done；若表示動(dòng)作先于另一動(dòng)作之前，則用完成式，即to have been done。

二、用法歸納

不定式被動(dòng)式在句中可以用作：

1. 主語(yǔ)。如：

It’s a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀請(qǐng)赴宴，甚是榮幸。

To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敵人反對(duì)是好事，不是壞事。

It’s a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天氣時(shí)被留在家里是很遺憾的。

2. 表語(yǔ)。如：

All this is to be sold. 所有這些都是出售的。

Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供飲用必須凈化。

The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何時(shí)候電話總機(jī)那兒都應(yīng)有專(zhuān)人在崗負(fù)責(zé)。

3. 賓語(yǔ)。如：

She doesn’t want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分開(kāi)。

He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他懇求允許他返回巴西。

I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作時(shí)我不愿意被人打擾。

They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他們要求出示真實(shí)可靠的文件。

4. 定語(yǔ)。如：

I made notes of the things to be mended. 我記下了需要修補(bǔ)的東西。

The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。

5. 狀語(yǔ)。如：

He asked to be kept informed about developments. 他要求隨時(shí)向他報(bào)告發(fā)展情況。

As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送飯時(shí)，很不耐煩。

She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到達(dá)那里，被告知他們度假去了。

6. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：

He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜歡自己的意圖受到嘲笑。

He ordered the goods to be sent by air.  他命令把貨物空運(yùn)。(www.hz123456.com)

7. 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：

The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要關(guān)閉法庭。

The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不許將書(shū)攜出室外。

8. 用在“for+名(代)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

It’s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很榮幸被邀在這里講話。

It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要讓他對(duì)此有所準(zhǔn)備。

It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 這項(xiàng)任務(wù)要按時(shí)完成是不可能的。

The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room 201. 這個(gè)字條就是請(qǐng)指派一個(gè)搬運(yùn)工到201室去。

Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?