三、張冠李戴型——錯用介詞

錯用介詞的情況比較復雜，可能是受漢語意思的影響而錯，也可能是因弄不清搭配關系而錯，可能是混淆用法而錯，也可能是受相關結構的影響而錯，可能是忽略語境而錯，也可能是想當然地用錯。如：

1. 她昨天去了他的辦公室拜訪。

誤：She called on his office yesterday.

正：She called at his office yesterday.

析：call 表示“拜訪”時，要注意分清兩種清況。一般說來，表示拜訪某人，通常用call on sb，若表示去某地拜訪，則通常用 call at a place。順便說一句，有時可在 call 后加副詞 in (即說成 call in on sb 或 call in at a place)。

2. 他與一位護士訂了婚。

誤：He is engaged with a nurse.

正：He is engaged to a nurse.

析：be engaged to sb意為“與某人訂婚”，注意不要按漢語習慣用介詞 with。注：有時也可用 be engaged to do sth，如上面一句也可說成：He is engaged to marry a nurse. / He is engaged to be married to a nurse.

3. 太陽從東方升起，從西方落下。

誤：The sun rises from in the east and sets from the west.

正：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

析：漢語說太陽“從”東方升起，實際上是太陽升起“在”東方，故用介詞 in。

4. 在警察的幫助下，我找回了我失去的東西。

誤：Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.

正：Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.

析：表示“在某人的幫助下”，英語用 with the help of sb，不要按漢語習慣用介詞 under。

5. 他在日本期間，參觀過許多地方。

誤：During he was in Japan, he visited many places.

正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.

正：While he was in Japan, he visited many places.

析：during是介詞，不是連詞，所以不用來引導句子。

6. 吃點水果吧。

誤：Help yourself with the fruit.

正：Help yourself to the fruit.

析：help oneself to sth 是口語中常用表達，意為“自行取用”或“隨意使用”，注意其中用介詞 to，不能用 with。

7. 我們了解他的性格。

誤：We are familiar to his character.

正：We are familiar with his character.

析：familiar(熟悉的)有以下兩類用法須注意：一是表示某人熟悉某事物，此時通常只用作表語，且在其后連用介詞 with； 二是表示某事物為某人所熟悉，此時可用作表語或定語，其后通常連用介詞 to。比較：We are familiar with the saying. 我們熟悉這條格言。The saying is familiar to us. 這條格言我們熟悉。

（編輯  陳根花）

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