介詞with用法詳解

是一個十分有用的介詞，其用法也比較復(fù)雜，以下用法值得注意：

1. 表示方式、手段或工具等時（=以，用），注意不要受漢語意思的影響而用錯搭配，如“用英語”習(xí)慣上用in English，而不是with English。

2. 與某些抽象名詞連用時，其作用相當于一個副詞。如：

with care=carefully 認真地

with kindness=kindly 親切地

with joy=joyfully 高興地

with anger=angrily 生氣地

with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲傷地

with ease=easily 容易地

with delight=delightedly 高興地

with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地

3. 表示條件時，根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語氣連用。如：

With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢多一點，我就買得起了。

With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設(shè)備好些，我們完成這項工作還要快些。

4. 比較with和as：兩者均可表示“隨著”，但前者是介詞，后接名詞或代詞；后者是連詞，用于引導(dǎo)一個句子。比較：

He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長，他會進步的。

People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時代變了，人們的觀念也會變化。

5. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with+賓語+賓語補足語”是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它在句中主要用作狀語，表示伴隨、原因、時間、條件、方式等；其中的賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等。如：

(1) with+賓語+形容詞

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常開著窗睡覺。

Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要滿嘴巴食物說話。

(2) with+賓語+ 副詞

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭 站在老師面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。

(3) with +賓語+ 介詞短語

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說了聲再見。

The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 這個人頭枕著胳膊睡著了。

(4) with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因為媽媽有病, 我無法去度假。

(5) with +賓語+ 過去分詞

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。

(6) with +賓語+ 動詞不定式

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服, 我無法出去了。

With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策, 我們感到放心。

(7) with +賓語+ 名詞

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時，女兒還是個小學(xué)生。

■點擊→英語疑難問題·綜合解答■