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《英語常用詞語法與辨析詞典》 | |||
作者:TJT 文章來源:本站原創 點擊數: 更新時間:2011/6/9 |
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born & borne 兩者可用作動詞 bear (生育)的過去分詞,但用法有區別: 1. 在主動語態中,只能用 borne。如: She has borne him six children. 她給他生了 6 個孩子。 她生了一男一女。 誤:She has born a son and a daughter. 正:She has borne a son and a daughter. 2. 在帶有 by 短語的被動語態中,要用 borne。如: 他是一個英國婦女生的。 誤:He was born by an English woman. 正:He was borne by an English woman. 3. 用于 be born 表示“出生”時,不用 borne。如: He was born in Beijing on April 15, 1966. 他于 Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 這家醫院每天有 10 個孩子出生。 He was born to [of] wealthy parents. 他出生在有錢人家。 He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship. 他生為法國人,但后來取得了加拿大的公民身份。 有時用于比喻義。如: He was born to be a great writer. 他生來就注定是一個偉大的作家。 4. born 有時可用于名詞前作定語,表示“天生的”,此時不能用 borne。如: He was a born poet. 他天生是個詩人。 5. 若用于“生育”之外的其他意義,其過去分詞要用 borne。如: The task is borned on our shoulders. 這任務落在我們的肩上。 borrow & lend 1. 兩者都可表示“借”,但是 borrow 指“借入”,而 lend 則指“借出”,兩者其實是一對反義詞,而不是同義詞。如: Can I borrow your bike? 我可以借用你的自行車嗎? He lent his dictionary to me. 他把字典借給我。 Some people neither borrows nor lends. 有的人既不借也不貸。 2. 從句型上看,lend 可接雙賓語(即可用于 lend sb sth),但 borrow 則不能接雙賓語(即不能用于 borrow sb sth)。如: 正:He borrowed some money from her. 他向她借了一些錢。 誤:He borrowed her some money. 正:She lent him some money. 她借給他一些錢。 正:She lent some money to him. (譯文同上) bread, loaf & roll 三者都可表示“面包”,bread 是物質名詞,表總稱,它是不可數的。bread 可以做成不同的形式:比如做成一個一個小的圓形的或長形的面包,這叫 roll(可數);或烤成一定形狀的一大塊面包(吃時可分割成小片[slice]),這叫 loaf(可數)等。如: I don’t like bread. 我不喜歡吃面包。 Put the rolls on the table. 把面包放在桌上。 They ate half a loaf between them every meal. 他們倆每餐吃半個面包。 注:bread 通常不可數,但有時表示種類,可用作可數名詞。如: What breads have you got today? 你今天買了哪幾種面包? This is a better bread than the one I bought yesterday. 這種面包比我昨天買的那種好些。 break in & break into 兩者都可表示“強行進入”、“插嘴”等,但 break in 通常是不及物的,但 break into 通常是及物的。如: Thieves broke in last night and stole some money. 昨晚小偷闖進來,偷了一些錢。 Thieves broke into the bank last night and stole some money. 昨晚小偷闖進銀行,偷了一些錢。 Please don’t break in on our conversation. 請不要打斷我們的談話。 Please don’t break into our conversation. 請不要打斷我們的談話。 注:break into 還有其他一些意思。如: Hearing the news, she broke into tears (laughter). 聽到這個消息,她突然哭(笑)了起來。 |
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