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虛擬條件句中if的隱含或省略

語言是靈活多變的，表達是豐富多彩的。有的時候虛擬語氣的表現形式也顯得非常靈活，比如就說其中的虛擬條件吧——它有時會以if從句來表示，但有時會用某種短語來表示，比如不定式短語、分詞短語、介詞短語等等。

1. if 的隱含

I should be happy to go with you. 如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。

句中的不定式短語to go with you就是表示虛擬條件的，它相當于if I could go with you。這句話的言外之意是：可惜我不一定有機會同你一起去。

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學習更用功些，你早就考及格了。

句中的不定式短語to have studied harder也是表示虛擬條件的，它相當于if you had studied harder。句子的言外之意是：可惜你當時沒有更用功我，所以你就沒有考及格。

Failing this time, what would you do？假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？

句中的分詞短語failing this time表示虛擬條件，相當于if you failed this time。其言外之意是：盡管失敗的可能性很小，但還是有可能會失敗，假若失敗了，那怎么辦？

Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. 如果沒有你的幫助，我們就不會取得成功。

句中的介詞短語without your help表示虛擬條件，相當于if you hadn’t given us help。其言外之意是：好在你幫助了我們，所以我們取得了成功。

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是個騙子，不然我也不會相信他了。

句中的or else隱含著一個虛擬條件，它相當于if I had known he was a cheat。句子的言外之意是：當是我竟然相信了他。

2. if 的省略

在虛擬條件句中，有時可將引民虛擬條件句的連詞if省略，但此時應用倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：

如果她在這里，她也同意的。

If he were here, she would agree too.

→Were she here, she would agree too.

假若明天下雨，我們只好推遲這場比賽。

If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.

→Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.

要是我們當時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life.

注意，如果條件從句的謂語為否定式，其中的否定詞not應置于主語之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。

我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。

正：If I hadn’t warned you, you could have been killed.

正：Had I not warned you, you could have been killed.

誤：Hadn’t I warned you, you could have been killed.

另外，有時省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助動詞，而是實義動詞。如：

Had I time, I would go with you. 假如我有時間，我就同你們一起去。

句中的had不是構成過去完成時的助動詞，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式為：If I had time, I would go with you.