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絕妙非謂語動詞經(jīng)典考題賞析

1. Anyone _________ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.

A. seen carry                   B. seen carrying

C. saw to carry                D. saw carrying

【賞析】此題答案選B，anyone seen carrying bags…為 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中過去分詞短語 seen carrying bags … 用作定語修飾代詞 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 為 see sb doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動式。

2. Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could _________ more money.

A. make                           B. to make   

C. making                        D. made

【賞析】此題容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動詞原形 make。其實正確答案應(yīng)是B，此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補完整應(yīng)為Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could do to make more money，即句中的不定式短語(to make more money)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語。請再看類似例句：

(1) My parents did what they could _________ my aunt and uncle.

A. help                              B. to help

C. helping                          D. helped

(2) He read what he could _________ his knowledge.

A. widen                           B. to widen

C. widening                       D. widened

以上兩題均選B，即選不定式，且此不定式為目的狀語。但是，同學(xué)們?nèi)魮?jù)此形成思維定勢，也會麻煩。為此，請再看兩題：

(3) He ran as fast as he could _________to catch the bus.

A. hope                              B. to hope

C. hoping                            D. hoped

此題的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴隨狀語，即一邊跑一邊希望能趕上早班車。但是，如果選B，將 to hope to catch the bus 視為目的狀語行不行呢？不行。因為“他拼命地跑”目的是“為了趕上公共汽車”，而不是“為了希望趕上公共汽車”，換句話說，將“希望”作為“目的”不妥。因為同樣的原因，下面一題也應(yīng)選 hoping：

He studied as hard as he could _________ to enter a good college.

A. hope                                B. to hope

C. hoping                              D. hoped

(4) He spent every minute he could _________ foreign languages.

A. study                                B. to study

C. studying                            D. studied

此題也應(yīng)選C，但是，它與上題選現(xiàn)在分詞 hoping 表伴隨有所不同，此題的 studying 其實與其前的動詞 spend 有關(guān)，即套用的是“spend + 時間或金錢 + (in) doing sth”這一句型。

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