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英語寫作常見錯誤例析(名詞可數(shù)性)

在英語寫作中，有很多同學把握不好名詞的數(shù)以及一些集合名詞的用法。名詞單復數(shù)變動的依據(jù)主要有以下三種：一是名詞本身屬于單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，二是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾成分，三是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，看該名詞在句子中指代的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。請看實例：

誤用：This is irrelevant and, if I may say so, a rather naughty remark.

改為：This is an irrelevant and, if I may say so, a rather naughty remark.

說明：句中的irrelevant 是修飾名詞 remark 的，由于 remark 為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，所以應在修飾它的形容詞前使用合適的限定詞，根據(jù)后面的 a rather naughty 可知，這個限定詞應是不定冠詞。注意不要從漢語習慣出發(fā)，漏掉該用的不定冠詞。

句意：這話毫不相干，而且要是可以這樣說的話，還相當?shù)图墶?/SPAN>

誤用：Before the boys could answer, angry voice was heard outside.

改為：Before the boys could answer, an angry voice was heard outside.

說明：voice 為可數(shù)名詞，在用作單數(shù)時，其前應有適當?shù)南薅ㄔ~。注意不要從漢語習慣出發(fā)，漏掉該用的限定詞。

句意：男孩們還來不及作出解答，就從外面?zhèn)鱽響嵟�的聲音�?/SPAN>

誤用：Considering that they are such important part of undergraduate courses, lectures are often presented in a remarkably poor manner.

改為：Considering that they are such an important part of undergraduate courses, lectures are often presented in a remarkably poor manner.

說明：句中的 part 為可數(shù)名詞，應在修飾它的形容詞前加上不定冠詞。注意不要從漢語習慣出發(fā)，漏掉該用的不定冠詞。

句意：鑒于演講課在大學本科課程中占了很重要的地位，這些課就顯得上得非常差。

誤用：Undeniably, political stability and human progresses in the country depend on greater economic success.

改為：Undeniably, political stability and human progress in the country depend on greater economic success.

說明：progress（進步）是不可數(shù)名詞，不用復數(shù)形式。

句意：不可否認，國家政治的穩(wěn)定和人的進步都依賴于更大的經濟繁榮。

誤用：I have played a great deal of glamorous women who have broken men’s hearts, so people tend to see me as that sort of person.

改為：I have played a great number of [a lot of] glamorous women who have broken men’s hearts, so people tend to see me as that sort of person.

說明：由于是用于修飾可數(shù)的復數(shù)名詞 women，所以不能用 a great deal of。

句意：我已扮演過許多使男人傷心的、富有魅力的女角色，所以人們往往把我看成是那種人。

誤用：Dr Maturin could speak fluently in Latin and Greek, and as for modern language, to Jack’s certain knowledges he spoke half a dozen.

改為：Dr Maturin could speak fluently in Latin and Greek, and as for modern languages, to Jack’s certain knowledge he spoke half a dozen.

說明：modern language 在此指現(xiàn)代各種語言，其中的 language 應用復數(shù)；knowledge 為不可數(shù)名詞，不用復數(shù)，to one’s knowledge 為習語，意為“據(jù)某人所知”。

句意：馬圖林博士能流利地用拉丁語和希臘語說話。至于現(xiàn)代語言，據(jù)杰克的可靠消息，他會講六種。

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