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重點(diǎn)中學(xué)英語語法講義-名詞 | |||
作者:柯帕斯 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù): 更新時(shí)間:2012/5/30 |
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(2) cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如: People will laugh at you. 人們會(huì)笑你的。 The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 For these many cattle were killed. 就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。 注:表示牲畜的頭數(shù),用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如:three head of cattle 3頭牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20頭牛。 (3) goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特點(diǎn)是:只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語時(shí)謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)),但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如: Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。 To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的? (4) baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機(jī)器), poetry(詩(shī)), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,只用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞 (當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎? 特別提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩(shī),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機(jī)器。 (5) 補(bǔ)充說明幾個(gè)特殊的集合名詞: ①hair(頭發(fā),毛發(fā)):指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí),為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí),為個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù))。如: My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長(zhǎng)得很長(zhǎng)了。 The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。 ②mankind(人類):是一個(gè)不可數(shù)的集合名詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不連用冠詞。如: This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項(xiàng)造福人類的發(fā)明。 Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。 特別提醒:mankind 表示“人(類)”時(shí),雖不可數(shù),但有時(shí)卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物。 ③fruit(水果):作為集合名詞,它通常是不可數(shù)的。如: He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 He is growing fruit in the country. 他在農(nóng)村種水果。 但是,當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí),它可視為可數(shù)名詞,即a fruit 指一種水果,fruits 指多種水果。體會(huì): Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜,而不是一種水果。 3. 根據(jù)上下文的語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。高考對(duì)名詞的考查還經(jīng)常涉及這樣一類考題,即要求考生根據(jù)所給句子上下文所暗示的語境選擇一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,這類題考查的不一定是要求考生辨析同義詞,而是要求考生根據(jù)語境的要求選出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,或構(gòu)成固定短語或固定搭配,或使句子語意連貫、邏輯通順。請(qǐng)看兩道高考真題: 1. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed 2. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in _____. A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 第1題選C,構(gòu)成短語 put … into practice,意為“將…付諸實(shí)踐”;第2題選A,構(gòu)成短語keep in touch,意為“保持聯(lián)系”。 五、重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 1. 選擇最佳答案填空: (1) "Can I help you?" "Two _____." A. teas B. cup teas C. cups of teas D. cup of tea (2) "Two brown _____ and one large white one, please." she said in _____. A. loaf, tear B. loaves, tears C. loaf, tears D. loaves, tear (3) How many years’ ______ does your teacher have of teaching English? A. year’s experience B. year’s experiences C. years’ experience D. years’ experiences (4) Of her plays, three were _____ and one was ______. A. success, failure B. successes, a failure C. success, a failure D. successes, failure (5) Mother bought two _____ of _____. A. kilos, potatos B. kiloes, potatoes C. kilos, potatoes D. kiloes, potatos 上一頁(yè) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] 下一頁(yè) 引用地址: |
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