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4. 含蓄虛擬條件句

所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語中的一類條件句：

(1) 將條件隱含在不定式短語中：

I should be happy to go with you. 如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學習更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you…)

(2) 將條件隱含在分詞短語中：

Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好時代，他早就成為學者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he …)

Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦？(=If you failed dthis time, what…)

Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一個人單獨在黑暗中走，瑪麗會感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)

(3) 將條件隱含在介詞短語中：

Without air, no one could live. 沒有空氣，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)

But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的幫助，他就會失敗了。(=It it hadn’t been for his help, he would have failed.)

(4) 將條件隱含在名詞短語中：

A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不會背棄我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)

A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早來幾個小時，你就見到這位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)

(5) 將條件隱含在某些連詞(如or, or else, otherwise等)中：

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是個騙子，不然我也不會相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))

I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就會同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)

(6) 將條件隱含在定語從句中：

Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看過那畫的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)

(7) 將條件隱含在一定的上下文中：

Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要費事看所有這些文件了，那會花太多時間。(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long)

5. if it weren’t [wasn’t] for與if it hadn’t been for。這是兩個很常用的虛擬語氣句型，其意為“若不是(有)”、“要不是有”：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是沒有水植物就無法生長。

If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he would have died. 要不是醫生救了他，他就會死了。

注：(1) 此句型有可用but for, without等替換：

If it hadn’t been for [But for, Without] your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要不是有你幫忙，我們是不會成功的。

(2) 原則上說，if it weren’t [wasn’t] for 用于談論現在的情況，而if it hadn’t been for 用于談論過去的情況。但實際上if it weren’t [wasn’t] for有時也可用于談論過去的情況：

If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他們幫助，這些困難我們不克服不了的。

6. 幾類省略的虛擬條件句型

(1) 省略連詞if。有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略，但此時應用倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我會去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞，我們就準時到達了。

注：① 若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應置于主語之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。

② 有時省略if后提前的had不是助動詞(www.hz123456.com)：

Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時間，我會來的。(=If I had time…)

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