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4. because 從句與 because of短語的轉換

Because引導的原因狀語從句有時可與because of 短語轉換：

He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因為他妻子在那兒，我對此事只字未提。

七、讓步狀語從句

1. 引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞

主要的有although, though, even though, even if等：

Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 雖然他很窮，他仍然很快樂。

I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失敗, 我也要試一下。

We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我們也要去(www.hz123456.com)。

注：除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導讓步狀語從句外，還應注意以下情況：

(1) 用when 和while引導讓步狀語從句。不要認為when和while只引導時間狀語從句，其實它們也可引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管”或“雖然”：

She stopped when she ought to have continued. 盡管她應該繼續下去，她卻停住了。

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。

(2) 用whether…or…引導讓步狀語從句：

I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜歡，我都要做。

Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否, 他都將失敗。

(3) 用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導讓步狀語從句：

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

Come whenever you like. 你愛什么時候來就什么時候來。

2. whatever, however 等-ever詞用法說明

這些詞在用法應注意以下幾點：

(1) 它們均可引導讓步狀語從句，意為“無論…”：

Whatever you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。

Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是誰打電話，都說我出去了。

Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 無論你哪天來，我都歡迎。

Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么時候來，我們都歡迎。

Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。

(2) 它們引導讓步狀語從句時，通常可換成no matter…，如說：

No matter what you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。

No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么時候來，我們都歡迎。

No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少, 他都不發胖。

(3) 注意however的以下種句型：

① however+主語+謂語：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走，至少要三天。

However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么來，一定要早來。

② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語：

However much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少, 他都不發胖。

However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都會去游泳。

有時該結構中的主語和謂語可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small. 他總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。

I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管條件多好，我都不接受。

(4) 有時從句謂語可用情態動詞：

I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 無論他在哪里，我都要找到他。

Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 無論發生什么事都要保持冷靜。

(5) whenever有時可引導時間狀語從句，wherever 有時可引導地點狀語從句：

Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次見到他，我們都和他說話。

They teach wherever their pupils are working. 學生在哪里工作，教師們就在哪里上課。

注：其中的whatever, whoever, whichever除引導狀語從句，也可引導名詞性從句，參見本講義“名詞性從句”一章。

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